Which refers to a newborn whose rate of intrauterine growth was slowed and whose birth weight falls below the 10th percentile on intrauterine growth charts?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A newborn who is small for gestational age (SGA) refers to a baby whose rate of intrauterine growth was slowed, leading to a birth weight falling below the 10th percentile on intrauterine growth charts. SGA infants are at an increased risk for various health complications due to their smaller size at birth, such as difficulties in regulating body temperature, low blood sugar, and respiratory distress. Postterm refers to a pregnancy that has extended beyond 42 weeks, while postmature refers specifically to a fetus that has been in the womb beyond the expected due date. Low birth weight may refer to a baby born below a certain weight threshold regardless of gestational age.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An early clinical manifestation of bilirubin encephalopathy in a newborn is lethargy or irritability. Bilirubin encephalopathy, also known as kernicterus, is a serious condition that occurs when high levels of unconjugated bilirubin build up in the brain tissues. Initially, the baby may become lethargic or irritable due to the toxic effects of bilirubin on the central nervous system. As the condition progresses, symptoms may include poor feeding, high-pitched crying, muscle tone abnormalities, and eventually may lead to more severe consequences such as seizures and irreversible neurological damage. Prompt recognition and treatment of bilirubin encephalopathy are crucial to prevent long-term complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A nonjudgmental approach encourages open communication and allows the nurse to assess the situation appropriately.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Fentanyl typically causes hypotension, nausea, and vomiting, but it does not cause acidosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Morphine sulfate is commonly administered to patients with pulmonary edema for two main reasons: