Which receptor is not a mediator of lower urinary tract symptoms?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Alpha1c isn't a recognized receptor misnomer; Alpha1a, Alpha1b, and Alpha1d mediate LUTS (e.g., BPH). Alpha1a dominates prostate/bladder neck obstruction. Alpha1d affects detrusor irritative. Alpha1b is vascular less LUTS-specific. Non-existent Alpha1c distinguishes it, key to receptor pharmacology, unlike active mediators.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: GFR averages 180 L/day (125 mL/min × 1440 min), not 10 L, 1.5 L, or 1 mL/min (misunits). This quantifies filtration capacity, critical for renal function assessment, contrasting with incorrect scales.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Amino acid reabsorption in PCT uses active transport (Na+-linked), not albumin/creatinine (filtration) or water (osmosis). This distinguishes active mechanisms, critical for nutrient retention, contrasting with passive processes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Renal papillae (pyramid tips) drain into minor calyces, not pelvis (later), ureter, or columns (cortex). This specifies urine origin, critical for medullary drainage, contrasting with later flow.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Creatinine clearance measures GFR, not insulin (metabolism), PAH (tubular secretion), or creatine (precursor). This identifies glomerular marker, critical for renal assessment, contrasting with tubular tests.