Which public health service best represents secondary prevention?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because starting a rehabilitation clinic for middle-aged adults residing in low-income housing represents secondary prevention. This service aims to detect and treat health issues early to prevent the progression of diseases. It focuses on individuals who already have risk factors or early signs of a disease. Administering the influenza vaccine (A) is an example of primary prevention, aiming to prevent the initial occurrence of a disease. Initiating an infant car seat safety screening program (B) falls under primary prevention as well, aiming to prevent injuries. Setting up a support group for teenage mothers (D) is more of a tertiary prevention approach, focusing on managing and improving outcomes for individuals already affected by a condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Apply the Oberle and Raffin model. This model involves four steps: recognizing the ethical issue, reflecting on personal values, considering the ethical principles, and applying the model to make a decision. It is crucial for the public health nurse to approach the situation ethically, considering the well-being of the child and the community. Discussing with colleagues or consulting with a friend who also does not vaccinate may introduce bias and not provide a comprehensive ethical perspective. Starting a research study does not directly address the immediate ethical dilemma the nurse is facing. By following the Oberle and Raffin model, the nurse can navigate the ethical dilemma in a systematic and ethical manner.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary prevention. Spirometry testing by the OHN aims to detect early signs of respiratory issues in employees exposed to hazardous gases, preventing further health deterioration. This falls under secondary prevention, as it involves early detection and intervention to reduce the impact of the disease. Primary prevention (A) focuses on preventing disease before it occurs, while tertiary prevention (C) and tertiary care (D) are aimed at managing and treating existing health conditions. Conducting spirometry testing aligns with the goal of secondary prevention, making it the most suitable choice in this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because starting a rehabilitation clinic for middle-aged adults residing in low-income housing represents secondary prevention. This service aims to detect and treat health issues early to prevent the progression of diseases. It focuses on individuals who already have risk factors or early signs of a disease. Administering the influenza vaccine (A) is an example of primary prevention, aiming to prevent the initial occurrence of a disease. Initiating an infant car seat safety screening program (B) falls under primary prevention as well, aiming to prevent injuries. Setting up a support group for teenage mothers (D) is more of a tertiary prevention approach, focusing on managing and improving outcomes for individuals already affected by a condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: An aggregate is a collection of individuals and families. This definition encompasses the idea that an aggregate consists of multiple components, including both individuals and families. It is broader than the other options as it includes both people and their immediate social units. A: "An aggregate is a large group" is too vague and lacks specificity compared to the correct definition. C: "An aggregate is a group within a population" is not as comprehensive as the correct definition, as it implies that an aggregate is a subset of the larger population without specifying the exact composition of the group. D: "An aggregate is another name for a demographic group" is incorrect because while demographics may be a part of an aggregate, it does not encompass the full scope of what an aggregate represents.