Which public health service best represents primary prevention?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because initiating an infant car seat safety screening program for parents in low-income housing best represents primary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease or injury before it occurs. In this case, educating parents on proper car seat safety practices helps prevent injuries to infants in the first place. Administering the influenza vaccine (A) is an example of secondary prevention as it aims to detect and treat existing conditions. Starting a rehabilitation clinic (C) and setting up a blood pressure screening clinic (D) are also examples of secondary prevention as they focus on managing existing health conditions rather than preventing them.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the main reason for the brief existence of the nurse practitioner–model educational program was the need for nursing expertise and skills in other practice settings. This is supported by the fact that nurse practitioners were developed to address the gap in healthcare services by providing advanced nursing care in various settings. They were trained to deliver high-quality care, fill the need for primary care providers, and improve access to healthcare services. A: Inadequate assessment and planning in the local area is not the main reason for the brief existence of the program. B: Insufficient provincial/territorial funding may have been a contributing factor, but it was not the main reason. C: The large number of primary care physicians practising in urban areas is not directly related to the existence of the nurse practitioner-model educational program.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because teaching handwashing to elementary school children is a primary prevention activity that aims to decrease the incidence of communicable diseases by preventing the spread of germs. This strategy targets the general population before any disease occurrence, focusing on promoting good hygiene practices. A, identifying and treating clients in a clinic for STIs, is a secondary prevention activity as it involves early detection and treatment after the disease has already occurred. C, providing case management services, is a tertiary prevention activity that focuses on managing and reducing the impact of the disease on individuals already affected. D, providing DOT to clients with active TB, is a secondary prevention activity that involves treatment and monitoring of individuals already infected to prevent further transmission.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Outpost nursing involves providing care to underserved populations in remote or hard-to-reach areas, like people living on the streets or in shelters. Step 2: This type of nursing focuses on meeting the healthcare needs of individuals where they are, rather than in traditional healthcare settings. Step 3: Outpost nursing aligns with the scenario of providing end-of-life care to those unable to access traditional healthcare facilities. Step 4: Community-oriented nursing focuses on improving overall health of a community, not specific end-of-life care. Step 5: Home health nursing involves providing care in a patient's home, not necessarily for individuals living on the streets or in shelters. Step 6: Private duty nursing involves providing one-on-one care to an individual in a private setting, which does not apply to the scenario provided. Summary: Outpost nursing is the best classification as it aligns with providing care to underserved populations in non-traditional settings, while the other choices

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary prevention. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of a disease. In this case, the CHN is helping children with asthma recognize early signs of worsening symptoms through peak flow meter use, enabling them to take action with a rescue inhaler. This intervention aims to prevent exacerbation of asthma symptoms, making it a secondary prevention strategy. A: Primary prevention focuses on preventing the onset of a disease through health promotion and education before it occurs. C: Tertiary prevention involves managing and reducing the impact of a disease that has already occurred to prevent complications. D: Both primary and secondary prevention do not apply in this scenario as it specifically targets early detection and intervention for those with an existing condition.