Which public health service best represents primary prevention?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent diseases or injuries before they occur. Choice B, initiating an infant car seat safety screening program, best represents primary prevention by preventing potential injuries to infants from car accidents. This program focuses on addressing the root cause of injuries before they happen. In contrast, administering the influenza vaccine (Choice A) is considered secondary prevention as it aims to prevent complications from an existing disease. Starting a rehabilitation clinic (Choice C) and setting up a blood pressure screening clinic (Choice D) are also secondary prevention measures as they aim to manage existing health conditions rather than prevent them from occurring in the first place.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the more economical care provided by early visiting nurses was a significant factor in their success. This cost-effective approach made their services accessible to a wider range of families in need, thus increasing their impact on public health. Other choices are incorrect because A focuses on the care provided rather than the cost-effectiveness, C highlights an individual rather than a systemic factor, and D emphasizes publicity rather than the actual care provided.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the main achievement of the Community Health Nurses Association of Canada is the development of national standards of practice. This achievement is crucial for ensuring consistency, quality, and professionalism in the practice of community health nursing across the country. By establishing these standards, the association helps to guide and improve the delivery of care, promote accountability, and enhance the overall effectiveness of community health nursing services. Choice A is incorrect because it does not specify any particular achievement of the association. Choice B is incorrect because the inclusion of LPNs is not the main achievement of the association. Choice C is incorrect because encouraging nurses who are not PHNs to join is not the main achievement of the association.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Outpost nursing. Public health nurses in Canada were first employed in outpost nursing, which involved providing healthcare services to remote and underserved communities. This practice area was crucial in addressing the health needs of isolated populations. Healthy baby clinics, school health programs, and tuberculosis education came later in the evolution of public health nursing in Canada and were not the initial areas of practice for PHNs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because public health focuses on improving the health of entire populations through disease prevention, health promotion, and protection. This includes implementing policies and interventions to address social, environmental, and behavioral determinants of health. Choice B is incorrect because it specifically refers to individual health care provision, not population health. Choice C is incorrect as it describes community health care services but does not capture the broader scope of public health. Choice D is incorrect as it is specific to nursing practice and does not encompass the interdisciplinary nature of public health.