Which public health nurse leader was instrumental in establishing the first integrated basic nursing degree program in Canada?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why B is correct: 1. Kathleen Russell was a public health nurse leader in Canada. 2. She played a key role in establishing the first integrated basic nursing degree program in Canada. 3. Her leadership and advocacy for nursing education reform were instrumental in this achievement. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A. Florence Nightingale is known as the founder of modern nursing, but she was not involved in establishing the first integrated basic nursing degree program in Canada. C. Edna Moore was a prominent nurse educator, but she did not have a direct role in establishing the specific program mentioned. D. Lillian Wald was a pioneer in public health nursing in the United States, not Canada, and was not associated with the establishment of the mentioned program.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the main reason for the brief existence of the nurse practitioner-model educational program was the need for nursing expertise and skills in other practice settings. This is supported by the fact that nurse practitioners were being trained to provide advanced nursing care in various settings beyond traditional primary care. A, inadequate assessment and planning in the local area, is incorrect because the main reason was not due to local assessment and planning issues. B, insufficient provincial/territorial funding, is also incorrect as funding was not the primary factor leading to the brief existence of the program. C, the large number of primary care physicians practicing in urban areas, is irrelevant to the creation or cessation of the nurse practitioner-model program.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: A baccalaureate degree in nursing. Public health nursing requires a comprehensive understanding of population health, epidemiology, policy development, and community assessment. A baccalaureate degree provides the necessary knowledge and skills to address complex public health challenges effectively. While choices A and B focus on general nursing skills, they do not provide the specialized public health knowledge required. Choice D, a master's degree, may be beneficial for advanced roles but is not the minimum educational preparation needed for public health nursing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is the correct answer: 1. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease before it occurs. 2. Teaching handwashing to children is a primary prevention activity as it reduces the spread of communicable diseases by preventing transmission through proper hygiene practices. 3. Observing their techniques ensures the correct application of handwashing, further decreasing the incidence of communicable diseases. Summary of why the other choices are incorrect: A: Identifying and treating clients with STIs is secondary prevention, focusing on early detection and treatment, not prevention. C: Providing case management services is tertiary prevention, which involves managing the impact of the disease on individuals, not preventing its occurrence. D: Providing DOT to clients with active tuberculosis is a form of treatment and adherence support, not primary prevention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Affiliation with a church or congregation. Parish nursing is a specialized field of nursing that involves nurses being affiliated with a specific church or congregation. This affiliation is the main difference between parish nursing and all other fields of nursing. Parish nurses focus on providing care within a faith community setting, integrating spiritual aspects into their practice. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while they may be characteristics of parish nursing, they are not the main differentiating factor. Spiritual aspects and holistic care can be incorporated into various fields of nursing, and residence within the community of service is not unique to parish nursing.