ATI RN
History of Public Health Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which public health movement in the 20th century emphasized the prevention of chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, the health promotion movement. This movement focused on preventing chronic diseases through promoting healthy lifestyles and behaviors. It emphasized education, awareness, and empowerment of individuals to take control of their health. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The environmental health movement focused on reducing environmental hazards, not specifically chronic diseases. C: The sanitation movement aimed to improve hygiene and sanitation to prevent infectious diseases, not chronic diseases. D: The primary care movement emphasized the importance of accessible and comprehensive healthcare services, not specifically prevention of chronic diseases.
Question 2 of 5
Which major public health legislation passed in 1965 led to the creation of Medicare and Medicaid in the United States?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The Social Security Act. This legislation was passed in 1935, not 1965, and it did indeed lay the foundation for the creation of Medicare and Medicaid. The Affordable Care Act was passed in 2010, making choice A incorrect. Choice C, the National Health Service Act, is a UK legislation, not related to Medicare and Medicaid in the US. Choice D, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, was passed in 1996 and primarily focused on healthcare information privacy and security, not the establishment of Medicare and Medicaid.
Question 3 of 5
In what year did the United States officially declare the goal of eradicating polio?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 1955. In that year, the United States officially declared the goal of eradicating polio with the establishment of the Salk polio vaccine. This marked a significant milestone in the fight against polio. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the specific declaration to eradicate polio did not occur in those years. In 1940, efforts were underway but the official declaration was not made. In 1963, the oral polio vaccine was licensed, and in 1988, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative was launched, but the specific goal of eradication was not officially declared in those years.
Question 4 of 5
Which major public health achievement was led by the sanitation movement in the 19th century?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Improvement of water and waste disposal systems. The sanitation movement in the 19th century focused on improving public health by implementing better water and waste disposal systems. This helped reduce the spread of waterborne diseases such as cholera and typhoid. Smallpox vaccination (A) was not directly related to the sanitation movement. Antibiotics (B) were developed later in the 20th century and were not a major focus of the sanitation movement. The creation of the World Health Organization (D) occurred in the 20th century and was not a direct outcome of the sanitation movement.
Question 5 of 5
Which historical figure is known for pioneering the use of antiseptics in surgery?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Joseph Lister. Joseph Lister is known for pioneering the use of antiseptics in surgery by introducing carbolic acid as a disinfectant to sterilize surgical instruments and clean wounds. His work significantly reduced post-operative infections. Edward Jenner is known for developing the smallpox vaccine, not antiseptics. Louis Pasteur is known for pasteurization and germ theory, not specifically for antiseptics in surgery. Ignaz Semmelweis discovered the importance of handwashing in preventing infections, but he did not pioneer the use of antiseptics in surgery like Joseph Lister did.