Which public health law passed in 1912 helped establish a foundation for the U.S. public health system?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: The Public Health Service Act. This law, passed in 1912, established the U.S. Public Health Service, providing a framework for the country's public health system. It focused on preventing the spread of diseases, conducting research, and promoting public health education. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The Public Health Act is a generic term and not a specific law passed in 1912. B: The Social Security Act was passed in 1935 and focused on providing financial support for the elderly and disabled, not on public health. C: The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act was passed in 1938 and primarily regulates the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics, not the establishment of the public health system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The need for maternal and child health programs. In the early 20th century, the U.S. faced high infant mortality rates and poor maternal health due to lack of proper healthcare and education. Public health nursing was established to address these issues through prenatal care, child health initiatives, and education for mothers. This focus on maternal and child health programs was crucial in improving overall community health. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect: A: The rise of chronic diseases - While chronic diseases were a concern, the primary focus of public health nursing at that time was on maternal and child health. B: The spread of influenza - Influenza was a significant health challenge, but it did not lead to the establishment of public health nursing. D: The control of tuberculosis - Tuberculosis was a major public health concern, but it was not the primary driver for the establishment of public health nursing in the early 20th century.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO was established in 1948 to address global health issues, including pandemics and health crises. It is the leading international organization focused on public health, setting norms and standards, providing technical support, and coordinating responses to health emergencies. The other choices are incorrect because: B: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a US-based agency focused on domestic health issues, not specifically global pandemics. C: The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria focuses on funding programs to combat specific diseases, rather than overall global health crises. D: The World Bank Health Initiative focuses on financing health projects in developing countries, but it is not a primary organization for addressing pandemics and health crises globally.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The primary purpose of the 1935 Social Security Act was to provide benefits for elderly, unemployed, and disabled individuals. This act established a system of social insurance that included old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and assistance for the disabled. The other choices are incorrect because: A: To establish the National Health Service - This was not the primary purpose of the 1935 Social Security Act. The act focused more on economic security than on healthcare. B: To provide a foundation for public health programs - While the act did contribute to the overall well-being of individuals, its main focus was on providing financial support to specific groups in need. C: To create the first national health insurance plan - The act did not create a comprehensive national health insurance plan but rather focused on social insurance programs for specific groups.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the launch of the Maternal and Child Health Bureau, as it specifically focused on improving maternal and child health. The CDC (A) primarily focuses on disease control and prevention. Antibiotics (C) revolutionized treatment but not specifically for maternal and child health. The World Health Organization (D) has a broader global health focus.