Which proposed program best emphasizes tertiary prevention?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because providing a diabetes management program for persons with diabetes mellitus emphasizes tertiary prevention. Tertiary prevention focuses on managing and preventing complications in individuals already diagnosed with a disease. This program helps individuals with diabetes manage their condition effectively to prevent complications, which aligns with the goals of tertiary prevention. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they focus on primary or secondary prevention strategies. Choice A emphasizes primary prevention by providing counselling on contraception to prevent unwanted pregnancies. Choice C focuses on promoting cardiovascular fitness, which is a secondary prevention strategy aimed at detecting and treating risk factors before the development of cardiovascular diseases. Choice D offers free blood pressure screening, which is a secondary prevention measure to detect hypertension early.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Gerontological nursing. Gerontological nursing is a specialty that focuses on the holistic care of older clients, addressing their physical, emotional, and social needs. This specialty includes promoting healthy aging, preventing illness, and managing chronic conditions in older adults. Elder care (A) is a broader term that encompasses various types of care for older individuals. Geriatrics (B) is the medical specialty focusing on the health and diseases of older adults. Geripsychiatric nursing (C) is a specialty that specifically deals with the mental health needs of older adults. Therefore, D is the correct choice as it specifically pertains to the holistic care of older clients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Primary prevention and early detection. Primary prevention strategies, such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle and avoiding risk factors, can help reduce the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer. Early detection through screening tests can lead to timely diagnosis and treatment, improving long-term survival rates. Providing information and chemotherapy (C) is important for treatment but not the key factor for improving survival. Prevention of infections and smoking cessation (D) are important for overall health but not directly related to improving long-term survival in colorectal cancer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The primary reason for the existence of challenges in family nursing related to family functions and structures is that they continue to change over time (Choice A). This is because as societal norms, values, and dynamics evolve, families also adapt and transform. This ongoing evolution can lead to complexities in understanding and addressing the unique needs of each family unit. Choice B is incorrect because while not all families may fit a traditional mold, the concepts of function and structure still apply to most family units. Choice C is incorrect as not having a family does not negate the challenges faced by those who do have families. Choice D is incorrect as traditional families may be less common but are not necessarily rare, and even non-traditional families face challenges related to their functions and structures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because reviewing important points of teaching discussed during the visit ensures that the teenage parents have understood and retained the information provided. This step helps reinforce learning, promote compliance with recommendations, and assess the parents' readiness and ability to care for their baby. A: Determining the family's willingness for home visits is important but not specific to terminating the visit. B: Establishing the purpose of the visit should have been done at the beginning, not at the end. D: Reviewing the family record and reason for referral is important but not necessary before ending the visit.