ATI RN
Endocrine System Questions and Answers PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which produces the majority of salivary volume?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, submandibular glands, as they produce the majority of salivary volume. These glands are the largest of the major salivary glands and secrete saliva rich in enzymes and mucin, contributing significantly to the total saliva volume. The lingual glands (A) are minor salivary glands located in the tongue and contribute a small portion of saliva. The sublingual glands (B) are also minor salivary glands located beneath the tongue, producing a smaller volume compared to the submandibular glands. The parotid glands (C) are another major salivary gland, but they produce a lesser volume of saliva compared to the submandibular glands.
Question 2 of 5
The action of gastrin includes all EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because gastrin primarily stimulates gastric acid secretion and gastric motility, not insulin secretion. Gastrin is released in response to the presence of food in the stomach, leading to increased gastric acid production and motility to aid in digestion. Insulin secretion is mainly regulated by glucose levels in the blood and hormones like insulin and glucagon. Therefore, the stimulation of insulin secretion after a carbohydrate meal is not a direct action of gastrin. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they accurately describe the actions of gastrin in the digestive system.
Question 3 of 5
Which is NOT produced by the citric acid cycle?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: NAD+ is a reactant in the citric acid cycle, not a product. Step 2: NAD+ is reduced to NADH during the cycle. Step 3: NAD+ is not directly produced as a final product in the cycle. Step 4: Therefore, A: NAD+ is NOT produced by the citric acid cycle. Summary: B: CO2 and D: FADH2 are produced in the cycle, while C: GTP is generated through substrate-level phosphorylation.
Question 4 of 5
What gland is located just superior to the kidneys?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Adrenal. The adrenal glands are located just superior to the kidneys. They are responsible for producing hormones such as cortisol, adrenaline, and aldosterone. The other choices are incorrect because the pituitary gland is located in the brain, the pancreas is located in the abdominal cavity, and the ovaries are located in the pelvic region. The adrenal glands are the only glands located just superior to the kidneys, making choice D the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of .
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: nerve axons. The hypothalamus communicates with the posterior pituitary lobe through nerve axons that form the hypothalamic-pituitary tract. This pathway allows for the release of hormones such as oxytocin and vasopressin directly into the bloodstream. Blood vessels (choice A) are not directly responsible for the connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary. Cartilage (choice C) and bone (choice D) do not play a role in this connection and are not anatomically linked to the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary.