Which position is most comfortable for a child with left-sided pneumonia?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the correct positioning of a child with left-sided pneumonia is crucial for optimal comfort and respiratory function. The most comfortable position for a child with left-sided pneumonia is the left side-lying position (Option B). The rationale behind this is that the left side-lying position promotes better ventilation and perfusion to the unaffected right lung. This positioning helps to optimize oxygenation and reduce the work of breathing for the child. It also helps to prevent the pooling of secretions in the affected left lung, aiding in drainage and clearance. The other options are incorrect for various reasons: A) Trendelenburg position is not suitable for a child with pneumonia as it can lead to increased pressure on the diaphragm, compromising respiratory function. C) Right side-lying position is not ideal for left-sided pneumonia as it can further impair ventilation to the affected lung. D) The supine position may not facilitate optimal ventilation and can lead to pooling of secretions in the dependent lung. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind positioning in pediatric respiratory conditions is essential for nursing practice. By knowing how different positions affect ventilation, perfusion, and secretion clearance, nurses can provide optimal care to pediatric patients with respiratory issues, promoting better outcomes and comfort for the child.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric respiratory nursing, it is crucial to prioritize certain populations for receiving the flu vaccine. In this scenario, the highest priority individual to receive the flu vaccine is option B) a 3-year-old undergoing chemotherapy. Children undergoing chemotherapy have compromised immune systems, making them extremely vulnerable to infections, including influenza. The flu can lead to serious complications in immunocompromised individuals, potentially worsening their health conditions or leading to hospitalization. Therefore, it is paramount to protect this child by ensuring they receive the flu vaccine. Option A) a healthy 8-month-old who attends day care is at risk of contracting the flu due to exposure in a communal setting, but the child undergoing chemotherapy has a higher vulnerability due to their compromised immune system. Option C) a 7-year-old who attends public school and option D) an 18-year-old living in a college dormitory are also at higher risk of exposure to infectious diseases like the flu, but they do not have the same level of immunocompromise as the child undergoing chemotherapy. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of understanding the unique vulnerabilities of pediatric patients with compromised immune systems. It emphasizes the critical role of healthcare providers in advocating for and prioritizing vaccinations for high-risk populations to prevent serious health complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) As soon as she resumes sexual activity. This recommendation is based on the fact that ovulation can occur before the first postpartum menstrual period, making it possible for the client to conceive even before menstruation resumes. It is crucial for the client to start using birth control as soon as she becomes sexually active again to prevent unintended pregnancies. Option A) Within 6 weeks is incorrect because the client can resume ovulation before this time frame, so waiting until 6 weeks postpartum may not provide adequate protection against pregnancy. Option B) Within 18 months is incorrect as this timeframe does not align with the client's desire to wait until her second child is at least 2 years old before becoming pregnant again. Option C) As soon as she stops breastfeeding is incorrect because the resumption of ovulation can occur even while breastfeeding, especially as the frequency and duration of breastfeeding decrease over time. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding postpartum contraception and the potential for ovulation to resume before the return of menstruation. It emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to counsel clients effectively on the appropriate timing to initiate birth control to meet their reproductive goals.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) It is used to measure protein metabolism. Rationale: PKU testing is performed on newborns to screen for phenylketonuria, a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to break down the amino acid phenylalanine found in protein-containing foods. This test is crucial as early detection and intervention can prevent severe developmental issues. By measuring protein metabolism through this test, healthcare providers can identify infants at risk for PKU and initiate dietary modifications to prevent long-term complications. Option A) It detects thyroid deficiency: This is incorrect as PKU testing specifically screens for phenylketonuria and not thyroid disorders. Option B) It reveals possible brain damage: While untreated PKU can lead to brain damage due to the accumulation of phenylalanine, the primary purpose of PKU testing is to detect the metabolic disorder rather than assessing brain damage directly. Option D) It identifies chromosomal damage: PKU testing is not designed to identify chromosomal abnormalities but focuses on detecting disorders related to protein metabolism. Educational Context: Understanding the rationale behind PKU testing is crucial for nurses caring for newborns as it highlights the significance of early screening and intervention in preventing long-term complications associated with phenylketonuria. Nurses play a vital role in educating parents about the purpose of newborn screenings like PKU testing, emphasizing the importance of timely detection and management of metabolic disorders to promote optimal child development.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Encourage your child to lie on their left side with elevated head of the bed." Rationale: Lying on the left side with an elevated head of the bed helps to improve lung expansion and ventilation in the right lower lobe, which is affected by pneumonia. This position allows for better drainage of secretions and promotes optimal oxygenation. Option A: "Place child in Trendelenberg position" is incorrect because this position, where the bed is tilted with the head lower than the feet, is not recommended for pneumonia as it can cause increased pressure on the lungs and compromise breathing. Option B: "Place the child in prone position" is not ideal for pneumonia as it can increase the risk of aspiration and may not provide adequate lung expansion in the affected area. Option C: "Encourage your child to lie on the right side with elevated head of the bed" is incorrect because lying on the right side may further compromise the right lower lobe affected by pneumonia and hinder effective lung aeration. Educational Context: Understanding the optimal positioning for improved lung aeration in pediatric patients with pneumonia is crucial for nurses caring for these children. By knowing the rationale behind the correct positioning, nurses can educate parents on how to support their child's respiratory function and recovery effectively. This knowledge is essential for providing safe and evidence-based care to pediatric patients with respiratory conditions.