Which person has the greatest potential for developing dysfunctional grief?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because sudden, traumatic deaths can lead to complicated grief reactions. This type of loss can disrupt the individual's ability to process and accept the death, resulting in prolonged and intense emotional distress. The other choices, A, B, and D, do not inherently indicate a higher potential for dysfunctional grief as they do not involve the same level of suddenness or trauma. Teen popularity, expressing love for a deceased spouse, and experiencing multiple losses over time are common situations that may not necessarily lead to dysfunctional grief if appropriate support and coping mechanisms are in place.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment for severe depression and other mental health disorders. Step 2: Current biological theory suggests that ECT produces changes in brain chemistry, specifically neurotransmitters, leading to improved mood. Step 3: The correct answer (A) aligns with this theory by explaining how ECT impacts brain chemistry to alleviate symptoms. Step 4: Answer B is incorrect as ECT is not used as punishment but as a therapeutic intervention. Step 5: Answer C is incorrect as ECT is not primarily used to interrupt brain impulses causing hallucinations and delusions. Step 6: Answer D is incorrect as ECT does not shock the brain into re-establishing normal electrical patterns but rather affects neurotransmitter levels.

Correct Answer: B, D

Rationale: In Piaget's formal operations stage, children develop abstract thinking, planning abilities, and logical reasoning. Planning a trip and selecting appropriate clothing demonstrate these skills. Becoming sad over the pet's death and identifying objects by capacity are more related to emotional and concrete operational stages.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Suicide precautions. The patient's statement indicates they are experiencing severe depression and suicidal ideation. Suicide precautions should be the highest priority to ensure the patient's safety. This includes removing any potential means of self-harm, constant monitoring, and close supervision. Self-esteem-building activities (A) may be helpful in the long term but are not the immediate priority. Anxiety self-control measures (B) are important but addressing suicidal ideation takes precedence. Sleep enhancement activities (C) are also important but not the highest priority when dealing with suicidal thoughts.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Having positive self-esteem. This is unrelated to depression as depression typically involves feelings of worthlessness and low self-esteem. A: Crying and refusing tasks, B: Answering "I forgot to" questions, and D: Neglecting ADLs are all commonly associated symptoms of depression such as apathy, memory issues, and lack of motivation for self-care. Therefore, choice C stands out as the symptom unrelated to depression due to its contradiction with the typical manifestations of the condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Medications the patient has recently taken. This information is crucial because certain medications can cause symptoms of delirium or exacerbate confusion in elderly patients. By reviewing the patient's recent medications, healthcare providers can identify potential drug-induced causes of confusion and adjust the treatment accordingly. Choice A (Evidence of spasticity or flaccidity) is incorrect because these symptoms are more related to neurological conditions such as stroke or spinal cord injury, not specifically delirium. Choice B (The patient’s level of motor activity) is not as relevant in distinguishing delirium from other problems as medication history, as motor activity can be influenced by various factors. Choice D (Level of preoccupation with somatic symptoms) is also less relevant compared to medication history in differentiating delirium, as somatic symptoms may not always directly indicate the underlying cause of confusion in elderly patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it accurately reflects the typical memory impairment after ECT treatments. ECT affects both recent and remote memory, leading to profound confusion and cognitive difficulties. This is due to the disruption of neural pathways involved in memory consolidation and retrieval. Choice A is incorrect as ECT does have predictable effects on memory. Choice B is incorrect because patients typically have more difficulty with recent memory than remote memory. Choice C is also incorrect as patients usually experience more than just mild difficulty remembering recent events; the memory impairment is more severe than just forgetting what was eaten for breakfast.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because suicide assessment must continue throughout the ECT course to ensure the safety and well-being of the client. During ECT, the client may experience changes in mood and behavior, which could impact their risk of suicide. It is essential for the nurse to monitor and assess the client's suicidal ideation and intent regularly. This ongoing assessment helps in identifying any exacerbation of suicidal thoughts and allows for timely intervention to prevent self-harm. Choice B is incorrect because antidepressant medications are not necessarily contraindicated throughout the ECT course. In some cases, a client may still require antidepressants in addition to ECT for optimal treatment outcomes. Choice C is incorrect because it is important to acknowledge and validate the client's feelings of hopelessness rather than discouraging them. By addressing and exploring these feelings, the nurse can provide support and facilitate the client's emotional processing. Choice D is incorrect because encouraging a high-caloric diet is not directly related to the critical intervention needed during

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it acknowledges the patient's discomfort without making assumptions or judgments. By recognizing the difficulty the patient is facing and offering to discuss it when they are ready, the nurse shows empathy and respect for the patient's feelings. Choice A is incorrect because it assumes the family is a problem for the patient. Choice B is incorrect because it focuses on expressing negative feelings rather than addressing the patient's current discomfort. Choice C is incorrect because it deflects the conversation to the physician without addressing the patient's immediate needs.