Which pattern of lab findings is most consistent of diabetes insipidus, note that the values are 24 hour urine volumes of ketones, glucose and protein respectively

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Diabetes insipidus (DI) features high urine volume (e.g., 6.4 L/24h) with no ketones, glucose, or protein dilute urine from low ADH. '400' lacks units/context. High protein (2+) suggests kidney issues, not DI. High glucose (4+) fits diabetes mellitus. High volume, normal solutes distinguish DI, key to its water-losing pathology, unlike incomplete, proteinuric, or glucosuric patterns.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Prolactin from the anterior pituitary triggers milk production in mammary glands, not LH (ovulation), thyrotropin (thyroid), MSH (pigmentation), or ACTH (cortisol). Its specific lactogenic role distinguishes it, vital for postpartum nutrition, contrasting with reproductive or stress hormones.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Calcitriol (active vitamin D) raises blood calcium by enhancing absorption, though not a thyroid hormone calcitonin (thyroid-produced) lowers it, while T3/T4 regulate metabolism, TRH/TSH stimulate thyroid. Context suggests calcitonin intent, but 'D' (calcitriol) aligns with calcium regulation broadly. This distinguishes calcium homeostasis, vital for bone and nerve function, contrasting with thyroid's metabolic focus.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Parathyroid glands (often labeled 'E' in diagrams) secrete PTH to raise blood calcium, unlike thyroid (calcitonin, lowers) or others. 'E' aligns with prior answer. This distinguishes PTH's role in calcium homeostasis, vital for nerve and bone function, contrasting with metabolic glands.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cortisol from zone 'B' (fasciculata) resists stress and raises glucose via gluconeogenesis, not sympathetic (medulla) or glycogenolysis (glucagon/epinephrine). This distinguishes cortisol's chronic stress function, vital for energy, contrasting with acute responses.