Which patient would benefit most from a capped IV catheter that is used intermittently rather than continuously?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the elderly patient receiving a diuretic for fluid overload. This patient would benefit most from a capped IV catheter used intermittently because diuretics can lead to fluctuations in fluid balance that require careful monitoring and adjustment of IV fluids. By using the catheter intermittently, healthcare providers can better control the amount of fluid administered to prevent electrolyte imbalances. Option A is incorrect because a patient with pneumonia requiring fluids and antibiotics would likely benefit from a continuous IV to maintain stable levels of medications and hydration. Option B is incorrect as a patient with major blood loss would require continuous IV fluids to restore blood volume. Option C is incorrect as a dehydrated young child would also benefit from continuous IV fluids to rehydrate effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Washing the hands frequently. This is important for preventing the spread of infection, which is crucial in acute bronchitis. By washing hands frequently, the client can reduce the risk of transmitting the infection to others and prevent reinfection. A: Not coughing frequently - While managing cough is important, it is not the most crucial aspect in the teaching plan for acute bronchitis. C: Consuming adequate calories - While nutrition is important for overall health, it is not specifically related to the management of acute bronchitis. D: Encouraging a semi-Fowler’s position - While this position can help with breathing, it is not the most important aspect in the teaching plan for acute bronchitis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Memory cells. After recovery from a disease, memory cells are formed as part of the adaptive immune response. These memory cells "remember" the pathogen and can mount a quicker and stronger immune response upon re-exposure. This results in immunity to the disease. Antigens (choice A) are substances that trigger the immune response but do not provide immunity on their own. Complement (choice B) is a group of proteins that enhance the immune response but do not directly lead to immunity. Natural killer cells (choice D) are part of the innate immune system and are not responsible for the specific memory response needed for immunity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Driving in the car with the windows open exposes the patient to pollen, worsening allergies. Staying indoors on dry, windy days (A) reduces exposure. Refusing to walk outside in spring (B) also minimizes exposure. Working in the garden on sunny days (D) increases pollen exposure. Therefore, choice C is the only action that goes against controlling pollen allergies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: A high-protein, high-calorie diet divided into six small meals. For a person with AIDS, this diet is beneficial to maintain muscle mass, support immune function, and provide energy. High-protein helps in tissue repair, while high-calorie intake helps combat weight loss common in AIDS. Dividing into small frequent meals aids in digestion and absorption. Choice B is incorrect because a low-fat diet may not provide enough calories for the increased energy needs of a person with AIDS. Choice C is incorrect because a high-carbohydrate, fat-restricted diet may not provide sufficient protein for muscle maintenance. Choice D is incorrect because a high-fat diet may lead to weight gain and can be harder to digest for someone with compromised immunity.