Which patient-teaching instructions are appropriate for a patient taking an antidysrhythmic drug? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is option A) "Do not chew or crush extended-release forms of medication." This instruction is crucial for patients taking antidysrhythmic drugs because extended-release formulations are designed to release the medication slowly over time, maintaining a consistent level in the bloodstream. Chewing or crushing these forms can lead to a rapid release of the drug, potentially causing adverse effects or decreasing the drug's efficacy. Option C) "Take the medication with food if gastrointestinal distress occurs" is incorrect because antidysrhythmic drugs are typically recommended to be taken on an empty stomach to enhance absorption. Taking them with food may interfere with the drug's absorption or alter its effectiveness. Option D) "If a dose is missed, the missed dose should be taken along with the next dose that is due to be taken" is also incorrect. In the case of missed doses of antidysrhythmic drugs, patients should usually be instructed to skip the missed dose and continue with the next scheduled dose. Doubling up on doses can increase the risk of side effects or toxicity. Educationally, understanding the specific administration instructions for antidysrhythmic drugs is crucial for patient safety and optimal therapeutic outcomes. Patients need clear guidance on how to take their medications correctly to ensure effectiveness and minimize potential risks. Teaching patients about the importance of following medication instructions precisely can help prevent medication errors and improve treatment outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Acetylcysteine is the specific antidote for acetaminophen overdose. Acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol) toxicity can cause severe liver damage if not treated promptly. Acetylcysteine works by replenishing the depleted glutathione stores in the liver, helping to prevent liver damage and improving the patient's outcome. Naloxone is used for opioid overdose, vitamin K for reversing the effects of certain anticoagulants, and atropine for specific heart and nerve related conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Fatigue. When a patient is taking Digoxin, a medication commonly used to treat heart conditions, monitoring and reporting fatigue is crucial as it can indicate toxicity. Fatigue can be a sign of decreased cardiac output, a potential adverse effect of Digoxin. Option B) Constipation is not typically associated with Digoxin use and is not a commonly reported adverse effect. Option C) Anorexia is also not a common adverse effect of Digoxin. Option D) Rash is not a typical adverse effect of Digoxin either. Educationally, it is important for nurses to understand the specific adverse effects associated with medications like Digoxin to ensure patient safety and effective care. Monitoring and educating patients on these adverse effects can lead to early detection and intervention, preventing potential complications. This knowledge also helps nurses in providing comprehensive patient education, promoting adherence to medication regimens, and improving patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Acetylcysteine is the antidote for an acetaminophen overdose. Acetaminophen overdose can cause liver damage due to its toxic metabolite buildup in the liver. Acetylcysteine works by replenishing glutathione, which helps in detoxifying the toxic metabolite of acetaminophen. Administering acetylcysteine within 8-10 hours of the overdose is crucial in preventing severe liver damage and improving the patient's outcome. Naloxone is used for opioid overdose, Vitamin K for treating specific types of bleeding disorders, and Atropine for drug poisoning or certain types of poisoning, but they are not indicated for an acetaminophen overdose.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Heparin is classified as an antithrombotic agent. It is a medication that helps prevent blood clot formation by inhibiting the activity of certain clotting factors in the blood. Heparin is commonly used in the treatment and prevention of conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and during certain medical procedures to prevent clot formation. It is not classified as a laxative, ACE inhibitor, or anti-convulsant based on its mechanism of action and therapeutic use.