ATI RN
Pharmacology Across the Lifespan ATI Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which patient population benefits the most from diuretic therapy?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: African American. This population benefits the most from diuretic therapy due to their higher prevalence of hypertension, as diuretics are particularly effective in managing hypertension in African Americans. This is supported by research showing better response rates to diuretics in this group compared to other antihypertensive medications. A: Those with orthostatic hypertension - Diuretics are not typically the first-line treatment for orthostatic hypertension, as other medications like midodrine are more effective. B: Diabetics - While diuretics can be used in diabetics with hypertension, they are not specifically the population that benefits the most from diuretic therapy. C: Those with stable angina - Diuretics are not indicated for the treatment of stable angina, as they do not address the underlying cause of the condition.
Question 2 of 5
The antimicrobial that is recommended and highly effective for the treatment of gonorrhea at all anatomic sites of infection:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Parental Ceftriaxone. Ceftriaxone is recommended for treating gonorrhea due to increasing resistance to other antibiotics. It provides broad-spectrum coverage and high efficacy. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Cephalexin is not the first-line treatment for gonorrhea. C: Ciprofloxacin is no longer recommended due to high resistance rates. D: Penicillin is not effective against gonorrhea due to widespread resistance.
Question 3 of 5
Tolerance may be caused by desensitization, internalization or downregulation of receptors, requiring higher drug doses to maintain the same response. Tolerance also often results from enhanced drug elimination that alters the concentrations of drugs available to interact with receptor.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why Answer A is correct: 1. Desensitization, internalization, and downregulation of receptors can lead to tolerance by reducing the responsiveness of receptors to a drug. 2. Higher drug doses are needed to achieve the same effect due to decreased receptor sensitivity. 3. Enhanced drug elimination can reduce drug concentrations, requiring higher doses to achieve the desired response. 4. Therefore, the statement accurately describes the mechanisms of tolerance development. Summary: Choice A is correct because it accurately explains how desensitization, internalization, downregulation of receptors, and enhanced drug elimination can contribute to the development of tolerance. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide a comprehensive explanation of tolerance mechanisms.
Question 4 of 5
A pregnant patient with a history of thrombosis. With prophylactic treatment would you prescribe?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Enoxaparin. Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin commonly used for thrombosis prophylaxis in pregnant patients due to its safety profile. It does not cross the placenta, reducing the risk of fetal bleeding. Alteplase (B) is a thrombolytic agent used for acute thrombotic events, not prophylaxis. Clopidogrel (C) is an antiplatelet drug and not recommended during pregnancy due to potential fetal harm. Warfarin (D) is contraindicated in pregnancy due to teratogenic effects and risks of fetal bleeding.
Question 5 of 5
The NP at the immunization clinic is reviewing the list of patients who are scheduled to receive the varicella vaccination. The NP will cancel all of the following patients except:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because having asthma does not contraindicate receiving the varicella vaccination. Asthma is not a contraindication for the varicella vaccine, so the NP should not cancel the appointment for the 8-year-old patient with asthma. All the other choices have contraindications to receiving the varicella vaccine. A: Neomycin allergy is a contraindication as the vaccine may contain neomycin. B: Gelatin allergy is a contraindication as the varicella vaccine may contain gelatin. D: Pregnancy is a contraindication as live vaccines like varicella are generally not recommended during pregnancy due to theoretical risks to the fetus.