ATI RN
Questions About Muscular System with Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which part of the vertebra contains the spinal cord?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The vertebral foramen, a central hole in each vertebra, contains the spinal cord, forming the spinal canal when stacked. Vertebral arch encloses it, spinous and transverse processes are projections, not containers. Foramen's role, per vertebra structure, makes 'c' correct.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following statements about nutrients is true?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: All nutrient classes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins (macronutrients), vitamins, minerals (micronutrients) are essential for survival, supporting energy, structure, and regulation. Micronutrients like vitamin D can be stored, not daily required. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins are macronutrients, not micro. Macronutrients aren't vitamins/minerals, those are micro. Essentiality of all, per nutrition, makes 'a' true.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following imaging techniques would be best to use to study the uptake of nutrients by rapidly multiplying cancer cells?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PET (Positron Emission Tomography) tracks metabolic activity, like nutrient uptake in cancer cells, using radioactive tracers (e.g., glucose), ideal for rapid proliferation studies. CT shows structure, MRI details tissues, ultrasonography uses sound none measure metabolism directly. PET's functional focus, per imaging, makes 'c' best.
Question 4 of 5
Lactic acid is produced
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lactic acid accumulates in fatigued skeletal muscles when oxygen supply lags demand, shifting metabolism to anaerobic glycolysis. Normally, pyruvate from glucose enters mitochondria for aerobic respiration, yielding ATP efficiently. During intense exercise, oxygen depletion forces pyruvate conversion to lactate via lactate dehydrogenase, releasing NAD+ to sustain glycolysis and ATP production, though less efficiently. This occurs in skeletal muscle, not exclusively cardiac, which relies more on aerobic pathways. Rested muscles with oxygen use aerobic metabolism, avoiding lactate buildup. Fatigued muscles with oxygen continue aerobic respiration, not glycolysis. Rested muscles lacking oxygen are hypothetical, as rest implies oxygen availability. Exercise physiology confirms lactate rises in anaerobic conditions blood levels can jump from 1 to 20 mmol/L in fatigue causing acidity and signaling exhaustion. This adaptive mechanism delays fatigue, distinguishing it from aerobic states or unrelated muscle types, a key insight into metabolic flexibility.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is aware that positioning and range-of-motion (ROM) exercises most help the immobilized patient to prevent:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For an immobilized patient, maintaining joint and muscle function is a priority, and contractures permanent shortening of muscles or tendons due to prolonged immobility are a significant risk. Positioning and ROM exercises keep joints flexible and muscles stretched, counteracting the tendency for tissues to stiffen and shorten when unused. Increased pain might occur with immobility, but ROM exercises primarily address stiffness rather than pain itself. Pressure ulcers result from prolonged pressure on skin, prevented more by repositioning than ROM alone. Compromised circulation can occur with immobility, but it's more directly managed by elevation or compression, not ROM exercises. Contractures are the most relevant outcome these interventions target, as they can lead to permanent disability if not addressed early, making this the primary focus of such care in immobilization scenarios.