ATI RN
Review System for Neurological Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which part of the limbic system is involved in an animal's feeling of hunger?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The hypothalamus is a key part of the limbic system and is involved in regulating hunger, thirst, and other homeostatic processes. It receives signals from the body about energy needs and releases hormones that stimulate or suppress appetite. The hypothalamus also plays a role in regulating the autonomic nervous system and maintaining the body's internal balance. Its involvement in hunger highlights its importance in survival and behavior.
Question 2 of 5
The diagnostic manual used by clinicians called DSM-IV-TR identifies two broader diagnostic syndromes into which many neurological disorders fall. Dementia is one which is characterised by which of the following:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dementia is a neurological syndrome characterized by the progressive decline of cognitive functions, including memory, reasoning, and the ability to perform daily activities. It is often accompanied by changes in mood, behavior, and personality. Dementia can result from various causes, such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, or traumatic brain injury, and it significantly impacts an individual's quality of life and independence.
Question 3 of 5
Apraxia involves an inability to undertake learned and purposeful activities such as dressing, cooking etc., and means that sufferers must rely increasingly on caregivers to help with these activities. Limb apraxia is a common symptom of left hemisphere damage and consists of a deficit in performing gestures to verbal command or imitation. One form of rehabilitation training for limb apraxia is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gestural training is a rehabilitation technique used to improve limb apraxia, a condition characterized by difficulty in performing purposeful movements. This training involves teaching individuals to recognize and execute appropriate gestures and postures, enhancing their ability to perform daily activities. By focusing on the coordination of movements and the context in which they are used, gestural training helps individuals regain functional independence and reduce reliance on caregivers.
Question 4 of 5
The resting potential indicates that the inside of the neuron is ________ compared to the outside.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The resting potential of a neuron, typically around -65mV, indicates that the inside of the neuron is negatively charged compared to the outside. This charge difference is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump and the selective permeability of the cell membrane to ions. The resting potential is essential for the neuron's ability to generate and transmit nerve impulses, as it provides the electrical gradient necessary for action potentials.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is an enzyme that breaks down a neurotransmitter?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. This breakdown is essential for terminating the signal and preventing continuous stimulation of the postsynaptic neuron. Acetylcholinesterase ensures that acetylcholine's effects are short-lived and precisely regulated, allowing for controlled neural communication. Dysfunction of this enzyme can lead to neurological disorders.