Which part of the large intestine attaches to the appendix?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: cecum. The cecum is a pouch-like structure located at the beginning of the large intestine, where the appendix is attached. The appendix is a small, finger-like projection that extends from the cecum. The ascending colon (B) is located above the cecum, the transverse colon (C) runs horizontally across the abdomen, and the descending colon (D) is located on the left side of the abdomen. Therefore, the cecum is the only part of the large intestine that directly attaches to the appendix, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: all of the above. The small intestine is where the majority of nutrient absorption occurs. Water is absorbed through osmosis, proteins are broken down into amino acids and absorbed through active transport, and lipids are broken down into fatty acids and absorbed through simple diffusion. Therefore, all three substances (water, proteins, and lipids) are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because each of these substances is indeed absorbed in the small intestine through different mechanisms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The large intestine's main role is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food material and to form solid waste for elimination. This process helps maintain the body's fluid balance. Producing enzymes (Choice A) is primarily the function of the pancreas and small intestine. Absorbing nutrients (Choice B) occurs mainly in the small intestine. Digestion of proteins (Choice D) occurs primarily in the stomach and small intestine. Therefore, the correct answer is C as the large intestine's main function is water absorption.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: small intestine. Fats are primarily digested in the small intestine. First, bile from the liver emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets. Then, pancreatic enzymes like lipase break down these smaller droplets into fatty acids and glycerol for absorption. The small intestine is where the majority of nutrient absorption occurs, making it the main site for fat digestion. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: A: Stomach - Minimal fat digestion occurs in the stomach as it primarily focuses on protein digestion. B: Pancreas - The pancreas secretes enzymes that aid in fat digestion, but the actual breakdown of fats happens in the small intestine. D: Large intestine - Fat digestion is not a primary function of the large intestine; it mainly absorbs water and electrolytes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Control centers in the medulla oblongata. The myenteric plexus is a network of neurons located in the gastrointestinal tract, regulating gut motility independently. The myenteric plexus consists of sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Control centers in the medulla oblongata are part of the central nervous system and are not directly involved in the myenteric plexus's functions. Therefore, they are not considered as component parts of the myenteric plexus.