Which one of the following statements is FALSE regarding rumination?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rumination disorder is a condition characterized by the regurgitation and rechewing of food. The correct answer, A) "seen only in infants and those with intellectual disability," is FALSE. Rumination disorder can occur in individuals of any age, not just infants and those with intellectual disabilities. In educational context, it is crucial for nursing students to understand the misconception around rumination disorder to provide accurate care and support to patients. Option B) "runs episodic course" is incorrect because rumination disorder tends to be a chronic condition rather than having an episodic course. Option C) "results from neglect" is incorrect as rumination disorder is primarily associated with underlying psychological factors rather than neglect. Option D) "in infancy can resolve spontaneously" is incorrect because while rumination may improve in some cases, it usually requires intervention for resolution, especially if it persists beyond infancy. Educationally, understanding the nuances of rumination disorder is essential for pediatric nurses as they care for patients who may present with this condition. This knowledge equips nurses to provide appropriate interventions, support families, and collaborate effectively with interdisciplinary teams to promote the health and well-being of pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) truancy. Truancy is not a recognized characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A) The presence of 3 grades of severity is a recognized feature of ASD, with individuals falling along a spectrum that ranges from mild to severe in terms of symptoms and impairments. B) While individuals with ASD may struggle with certain social and communication skills, they may exhibit superior intellectual functioning in specific areas, such as math or music. This is known as "splinter skills" or "islets of ability". C) Motor deficits are commonly seen in individuals with ASD, including challenges with coordination, motor planning, and fine motor skills. Educational context: Understanding the characteristics of ASD is crucial for pediatric nurses as they may encounter children with this condition in their practice. By recognizing the features of ASD, nurses can provide appropriate care and support to these individuals and their families. Truancy, which is not a recognized feature of ASD, should not be assumed to be related to the condition without further assessment and consideration of other factors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the causes of generalized edema in newborns is crucial for accurate assessment and intervention. In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Hurler syndrome. Hurler syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in various tissues, leading to organ and tissue damage. This accumulation can result in generalized edema in newborns affected by this syndrome. Prematurity (option A) can also lead to generalized edema in newborns due to immature organ function, especially the kidneys, which may have difficulty regulating fluid balance. Nonimmune hydrops (option B) is characterized by abnormal fluid accumulation in fetal compartments and can result in generalized edema at birth. Turner syndrome (option C) is a genetic condition that can present with lymphedema or swelling due to a buildup of lymph fluid. Educationally, understanding the differential diagnoses of generalized edema in newborns is essential for nurses to provide comprehensive care. By recognizing the unique presentations of various conditions, nurses can facilitate early identification, appropriate management, and family support. Remembering the specific association of Hurler syndrome with generalized edema can aid in timely referrals and interventions to improve outcomes for affected newborns.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding multiple gestation pregnancies is crucial for providing comprehensive care to mothers and infants. In this question, option D is the correct answer because stating that "the overall incidence of multifetal gestation is unchanged" is incorrect. The incidence of multifetal gestation has been increasing due to factors like advanced maternal age and assisted reproductive technologies. Option A is incorrect because the reported incidence of spontaneous twinning is actually highest in the African races, not lowest in Asian races. Option B is incorrect as the estimated occurrence of triplets is 1 in 8,100 pregnancies in the USA, not 1 in 86². Option C is incorrect because the incidence of monozygotic twins can be influenced by factors such as assisted reproductive technologies and genetic predisposition. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of accurate knowledge in pediatric nursing, especially concerning high-risk pregnancies. Nurses need to be well-versed in the latest data and trends to provide evidence-based care to mothers and infants during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum periods, particularly in cases of multiple gestation pregnancies. Understanding these nuances helps nurses deliver safe and effective care to ensure optimal outcomes for both the mother and her infants.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) of prematurity is a common condition in premature infants due to the fragility of their blood vessels. The correct answer, B) MRI is the preferred imaging technique for screening IVH, is the exception because cranial ultrasound is actually the preferred imaging modality for IVH screening in premature infants due to its accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and lack of radiation exposure. Option A) is true because IVH in premature infants often occurs spontaneously due to the underdeveloped blood vessels in the brain. Option C) is also true because prophylactic administration of low-dose indomethacin has been shown to reduce the incidence of severe IVH in premature infants. Option D) is false because while some infants with IVH may be asymptomatic, many present with clinical symptoms such as feeding difficulties, lethargy, seizures, and abnormal neurological signs. From an educational standpoint, understanding IVH in premature infants is crucial for nurses working in neonatal care settings. Knowing the risk factors, presentation, diagnostic methods, and management of IVH is essential for providing quality care to these vulnerable patients. It is important to emphasize the significance of early detection and appropriate interventions to prevent complications associated with IVH in premature infants.