Which one of the following statements is correct?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (A): - Cerebral contusion is a bruising of brain tissue due to head trauma. - It can lead to the pooling of blood and form an intracerebral hematoma. - This process involves the collection of blood within the brain tissue. Summary for Incorrect Choices: - B: Epidural hematomas are typically seen in the temporal region, not frontal. - C: Subdural hematomas are often caused by bridging veins rupture, not middle meningeal artery. - D: Subdural hematomas usually appear crescent-shaped, not lenticular on CT scan.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pulmonary contusion. Pulmonary contusion is a common injury following blunt chest trauma and can lead to impaired gas exchange. In this case, the patient's low PaO2 and respiratory alkalosis (low PaCO2 and elevated pH) are indicative of a ventilation-perfusion mismatch caused by pulmonary contusion. The flail chest may also contribute to impaired gas exchange, but the absence of hyperresonance or dullness on auscultation makes a significant pneumothorax less likely. Hypoventilation would typically present with hypercapnia and acidosis, which is not seen in this patient. Hypovolemia would not directly affect blood gas values in this way.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Retrograde urethrography." In this case, the patient presents with blood in the external urethral meatus, indicating a possible urethral injury. Retrograde urethrography is the most appropriate initial diagnostic study to evaluate the integrity of the urethra. This procedure involves injecting contrast material into the urethra to visualize any disruptions or strictures. Cystoscopy (choice A) is invasive and not the initial study of choice for evaluating urethral injuries. Cystography (choice B) is used to assess bladder injuries, not urethral injuries. IV pyelography (choice C) is used to assess the kidneys and ureters, not the urethra. Therefore, retrograde urethrography is the most suitable option for this patient's presentation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Primary nursing. In primary nursing, the registered nurse takes primary responsibility for the daily care of assigned residents, providing continuity and personalized care. This model promotes a strong nurse-patient relationship and ensures comprehensive, individualized care. Facility nursing (A) involves care provided by various healthcare professionals within a facility setting, not necessarily by registered nurses alone. Team nursing (B) involves a team of healthcare professionals working collaboratively, with responsibilities shared among team members. Functional nursing (D) involves dividing tasks based on specific functions, often leading to fragmented care and less personalized attention compared to primary nursing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Return charts to their proper place after use. This is the best way for a nursing assistant to keep residents' health information confidential because it ensures that sensitive information is securely stored and not left out in the open where unauthorized individuals may access it. By returning charts to their proper place, the nursing assistant maintains the confidentiality and privacy of residents' health information. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect: A: Discussing a resident's information away from the facility does not guarantee confidentiality as the information can still be overheard by others outside the facility. B: Bringing family and friends to the facility can compromise residents' privacy as they may inadvertently overhear confidential information. D: Posting updates about residents on social media violates their privacy and confidentiality, as this information can be accessed by a wider audience, including individuals who should not have access to it.