Which one of the following statements concerning massive hemothorax is true?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer choice D is correct: 1. Massive hemothorax involves significant blood accumulation in the pleural space. 2. Shock and unilateral absent breath sounds are classic signs of massive hemothorax. 3. Immediate recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent further deterioration. 4. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are essential in managing massive hemothorax. Summary of other choices: A: Blunt thoracic trauma can cause hemothorax, but not specifically massive hemothorax. B: Pneumothorax involves air in the pleural space, not blood. C: Confirming the diagnosis with an upright chest x-ray may delay urgent treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Retrograde urethrography." In this case, the patient presents with blood in the external urethral meatus, indicating a possible urethral injury. Retrograde urethrography is the most appropriate initial diagnostic study to evaluate the integrity of the urethra. This procedure involves injecting contrast material into the urethra to visualize any disruptions or strictures. Cystoscopy (choice A) is invasive and not the initial study of choice for evaluating urethral injuries. Cystography (choice B) is used to assess bladder injuries, not urethral injuries. IV pyelography (choice C) is used to assess the kidneys and ureters, not the urethra. Therefore, retrograde urethrography is the most suitable option for this patient's presentation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Primary nursing. In primary nursing, the registered nurse takes primary responsibility for the daily care of assigned residents, providing continuity and personalized care. This model promotes a strong nurse-patient relationship and ensures comprehensive, individualized care. Facility nursing (A) involves care provided by various healthcare professionals within a facility setting, not necessarily by registered nurses alone. Team nursing (B) involves a team of healthcare professionals working collaboratively, with responsibilities shared among team members. Functional nursing (D) involves dividing tasks based on specific functions, often leading to fragmented care and less personalized attention compared to primary nursing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Return charts to their proper place after use. This is the best way for a nursing assistant to keep residents' health information confidential because it ensures that sensitive information is securely stored and not left out in the open where unauthorized individuals may access it. By returning charts to their proper place, the nursing assistant maintains the confidentiality and privacy of residents' health information. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect: A: Discussing a resident's information away from the facility does not guarantee confidentiality as the information can still be overheard by others outside the facility. B: Bringing family and friends to the facility can compromise residents' privacy as they may inadvertently overhear confidential information. D: Posting updates about residents on social media violates their privacy and confidentiality, as this information can be accessed by a wider audience, including individuals who should not have access to it.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Chest pain is a serious medical symptom that could indicate a heart attack or other life-threatening condition. Step 2: Reporting chest pain immediately to the nurse allows for prompt assessment and potential life-saving interventions. Step 3: Family visiting, watching TV excessively, and feeling lonely are not urgent medical conditions that require immediate reporting to the nurse. Summary: Choice B is correct because chest pain can be a sign of a medical emergency, while choices A, C, and D are not urgent medical issues.