Which one of the following statement is true?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because cerebral blood flow is directly influenced by PaCO2 levels. When PaCO2 is below 30-50mmHg, cerebral blood vessels constrict, leading to decreased cerebral blood flow. This vasoconstriction is a protective mechanism to prevent excessive blood flow and maintain stable cerebral perfusion pressure. Therefore, the statement that cerebral blood flow is increased when PaCO2 is below 30-50mmHg is true. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: Hypotonic fluids can exacerbate brain edema by causing fluid shifts, so they should not be used to limit brain edema in severe head injury. B: Elevated intracranial pressure impairs cerebral perfusion due to decreased perfusion pressure gradient, leading to decreased cerebral blood flow. C: CSF can be displaced from the cranial vault due to changes in intracranial pressure and volume shifts.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The nursing assistant. Nursing assistants provide direct care to residents, such as assisting with activities of daily living and personal care needs. They spend the most time with residents compared to other members of the care team. Nurses oversee the care but may not have direct contact as frequently. Physicians focus on medical treatment, not daily care. Activities directors organize recreational activities but do not provide personal care. Therefore, the nursing assistant has the most direct contact with residents.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because other care team members are involved in providing direct care to the resident, and sharing health information with them ensures coordinated and effective care. Sharing with anyone who asks (A) is incorrect as it violates the resident's privacy rights. Sharing with anyone who lives or works at the facility (B) is also incorrect as not all staff members may need to know the information. Sharing with the resident's friends and family (C) could be appropriate with the resident's consent but may not always be necessary for all health information.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because "Mrs. Parker says she is dizzy" is subjective information based on her personal perception or feeling. It cannot be objectively measured or verified. In contrast, choices B, C, and D provide objective information that can be quantified or confirmed by observation or measurement, such as temperature, visit, and food intake. This makes them not subjective.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, providing a quiet environment. This helps reduce stimulation and distraction for the confused resident, promoting a sense of calm and clarity. Leaving the resident alone (A) can lead to feelings of abandonment. Avoiding communication (C) can worsen confusion. Speaking quickly (D) can overwhelm the resident further. In summary, creating a quiet environment is essential for promoting comfort and reducing confusion in residents.