Which one of the following signs necessitates a definitive airway in severe trauma patients?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C - Severe maxillofacial fractures Rationale: 1. Severe maxillofacial fractures can compromise the airway due to obstruction or displacement of structures. 2. Airway management is crucial in trauma patients to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation. 3. Maxillofacial fractures can lead to airway compromise rapidly, requiring a definitive airway intervention. 4. Other choices (A: Facial lacerations, B: Repeated vomiting, D: Sternal fracture) may not directly impact the airway to the same extent as severe maxillofacial fractures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Insert a definitive airway Rationale: 1. Patient has a low GCS of 8, indicating impaired consciousness and airway protection. 2. Obesity can further complicate airway management during sedation. 3. Inserting a definitive airway ensures adequate oxygenation and ventilation. 4. CT scan can cause respiratory depression, necessitating secure airway before transfer. 5. Multilumen esophageal airway is not indicated as it does not secure the airway. 6. Sedative drugs should be used cautiously due to the risk of respiratory depression. 7. Lateral cervical spine film is not necessary before CT scan in this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "FAST exam." In this scenario, the patient presents with signs of hypovolemic shock following a chest stab wound. The FAST exam (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) is crucial for rapid identification of intra-abdominal bleeding, which can occur concurrently with thoracic injuries. It is a quick and non-invasive bedside ultrasound assessment that can detect free fluid in the pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal spaces. Identifying intra-abdominal bleeding is important as it may require emergent surgical intervention to prevent further deterioration. Choice A, "CT scan of the chest," would take more time and is not the immediate priority in a hemodynamically unstable patient. Choice B, "12 lead ECG," is important in assessing for cardiac injury but is not the most critical step in this scenario. Choice D, "Begin infusion of RBCs," may be necessary later but addressing the source of bleeding and volume status through

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the chain of command represents the hierarchical structure within an organization, outlining who reports to whom. It ensures clear communication, accountability, and efficient decision-making. Option A is incorrect as it refers to legal liability. Option B is incorrect as it only refers to the department head, not the entire structure. Option D is incorrect as it focuses on reporting a problem rather than the overall structure of authority.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Protect privacy of health information. HIPAA was enacted to establish national standards for the protection of individuals' medical records and other personal health information. This legislation aims to safeguard the confidentiality and security of patient information, ensuring that it is not inappropriately disclosed or accessed. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because HIPAA's primary focus is on privacy regulations rather than health insurance coverage, care procedures, or abuse prevention.