Which one of the following should be performed first in any patient whose injuries may include multiple closed extremity fractures?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Ensuring adequate oxygenation and ventilation" should be performed first in any patient with potential multiple closed extremity fractures. This is because prioritizing oxygenation and ventilation is crucial to prevent hypoxia and respiratory compromise, which can be life-threatening. Once the patient's oxygenation and ventilation are stabilized, further assessments and interventions can be performed. A: "A thorough assessment of four limb perfusion" may be important but ensuring adequate oxygenation and ventilation takes precedence. B: "Maneuvers to prevent necrosis of the skin" is not the immediate priority over ensuring oxygenation and ventilation. C: "Extremity compartment syndrome release" is a critical intervention but should be performed after ensuring adequate oxygenation and ventilation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To encourage people to make decisions about advance directives. The Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) aims to empower individuals to express their healthcare preferences in advance through advance directives such as living wills and healthcare proxies. This helps ensure that patients' wishes regarding medical treatment are known and respected. Choice A is incorrect because the PSDA is not related to in-service training for nursing assistants. Choice B is incorrect as the act primarily focuses on patient autonomy rather than the privacy of health information. Choice D is incorrect because the act does not pertain to detailing how abuse should be reported.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the nursing assistant plays a crucial role in care planning by sharing observations that may impact the care plan. This is important as they are in direct contact with the residents and can provide valuable insights to the healthcare team. Choice A is incorrect as creating the care plan is typically done by licensed healthcare professionals. Choice C is incorrect as making changes to the care plan is also usually done by licensed professionals based on assessments. Choice D is incorrect as discussing the diagnosis with the resident's friends and family is not within the scope of the nursing assistant's role in care planning.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Social wellness. By encouraging the resident to play cards with friends, the nursing assistant is promoting social interactions and connections. Social wellness focuses on building and maintaining positive relationships, which can improve mental health and overall well-being. Playing cards with friends allows for social engagement, communication, and a sense of belonging. Physical wellness (A) pertains to physical health, emotional wellness (C) involves managing emotions, and intellectual wellness (D) focuses on mental stimulation. However, in this scenario, the emphasis is on promoting social interactions, making choice B the most appropriate answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: A pathogen or microorganism that causes disease. This is because a causative agent is specifically defined as a factor, such as a microorganism or pathogen, that can directly lead to the development of a disease. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not fully capture the essence of a causative agent. Choice A is too broad, choice C refers to normal flora which are not necessarily causative agents, and choice D describes the incubation period of an infection rather than the actual agent causing the disease.