Which one of the following microorganisms of genus Bacillus is associated with food intoxication:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Bacillus cereus is associated with food intoxication due to its ability to produce toxins that cause gastrointestinal symptoms. B. subtilis is not known to cause food intoxication. B. anthracis causes anthrax, not food intoxication. Option D is incorrect as not all Bacillus species cause food intoxication.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Gram-negative coccobacillus. Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative coccobacillus because it has a unique shape that is between a coccus (spherical) and a bacillus (rod-shaped) and it stains pink/red in the Gram staining process. It is important to note that it is not a coccus (choice B) or a Gram-positive bacterium (choice A). Choice C is too general and does not specify the coccobacillus shape of F. tularensis. So, the correct answer is D due to its specific characteristics as a Gram-negative coccobacillus.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Protoplast. Lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria consist of three main components: O-specific polysaccharide chain, R-specific polysaccharide chain, and Lipid A. Protoplast is not a component of lipopolysaccharides. O-specific polysaccharide chain is responsible for serotype specificity, R-specific polysaccharide chain varies among strains, and Lipid A is the endotoxin component. Protoplast refers to a bacterial cell devoid of a cell wall, which is not a component of lipopolysaccharides.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Botulism typically presents with symptoms such as dry mouth, difficulty swallowing, blurred vision, diplopia, and descending flaccid paralysis. Chills, fever, and loss of consciousness are not typical of botulism. Botulism is caused by a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria, which affects the nervous system leading to muscle weakness and paralysis, not fever or altered consciousness. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because transcription is the process in which messenger RNA transcripts are produced from DNA. During transcription, a specific segment of DNA is transcribed into mRNA by RNA polymerase. Choice A is incorrect because translation, not transcription, involves converting mRNA into protein. Choice B is incorrect as it describes DNA replication, not transcription. Choice D is incorrect because it refers to translation, where polypeptides are synthesized from mRNA. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer as it accurately describes the process of transcription.