ATI RN
Questions on Gastrointestinal Tract Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which one of the following is the correct pathway of bile from the hepatocytes to the gallbladder?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: bile canaliculus → hepatic duct → common hepatic duct → cystic duct → gallbladder. This pathway reflects the anatomical sequence of bile flow from the smallest bile ducts within the liver (bile canaliculi) to the gallbladder. Bile canaliculi collect bile from hepatocytes, which then flows through larger ducts (hepatic duct, common hepatic duct) before reaching the cystic duct, which connects to the gallbladder for bile storage. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not follow the correct anatomical pathway of bile flow. For example, in choice A, the common hepatic duct should connect directly to the cystic duct, not the common bile duct. In choice B, the cystic duct should not connect to the common hepatic duct. In choice C, bile does not flow through the central vein or hepatic vein
Question 2 of 5
Water transport can occur from the lumen of the intestine to the blood stream, or from the blood stream to the intestinal lumen. Which single statement about this phenomenon, below, is actually correct?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because water is indeed mostly absorbed by movement between the cells lining the gut (enterocytes) via tight junctions. This is known as paracellular transport. Water moves through the spaces between the cells due to osmotic gradients and is then taken up by blood vessels. A: The 'flip-flop' mechanism is not a recognized mechanism for water transport in the intestine. B: Water does not flow into the gut from the mucosa during digestion, rather it moves from the gut lumen into the blood. D: Dietary intake of water can vary and may not always be greater than water movement in the small intestine.
Question 3 of 5
A patient comes to the hospital complaining of vomiting and diarrhoea. The doctor suggested that the patient take glucose and electrolyte solution orally. Which one of following membrane proteins is likely to be involved in rehydrating the patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sodium glucose transporter protein 1 (SGLT1). SGLT1 is responsible for the active transport of glucose and sodium across the intestinal membrane. When a patient is experiencing vomiting and diarrhea, they are losing fluids and electrolytes. By taking a glucose and electrolyte solution orally, the SGLT1 protein helps in the reabsorption of glucose and sodium to facilitate rehydration. Incorrect choices: A: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) is associated with cystic fibrosis and does not play a direct role in rehydration. C: Insulin receptor protein (IRP) is involved in glucose uptake regulation in response to insulin, not rehydration. D: Sucrase-isomaltase protein (SIP) is involved in the breakdown of sugars in the small intestine, not rehydration.
Question 4 of 5
The breakdown of glycogen in which organ/tissue is required for the maintenance of blood glucose?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: liver. The breakdown of glycogen in the liver is crucial for maintaining blood glucose levels through a process called glycogenolysis. The liver releases glucose into the bloodstream to prevent hypoglycemia and provide energy to the body. Skeletal muscle (A) stores glycogen for its own energy needs, not for blood glucose maintenance. The pancreas (B) regulates blood glucose through insulin and glucagon secretion but does not directly breakdown glycogen. Adipose tissue (D) stores fat and does not play a significant role in glycogen breakdown for blood glucose maintenance.
Question 5 of 5
Care for which of these clients is most appropriate to assign to the LPN/LVN, under the supervision of an RN?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the LPN/LVN can provide care for a client with intractable nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy under the supervision of an RN. The LPN/LVN can administer prescribed antiemetic medications, monitor the client's response, assess for dehydration, and provide comfort measures. This task falls within the scope of practice for an LPN/LVN and does not require the advanced assessment and intervention skills of an RN. Choice A is incorrect because a client undergoing a glossectomy for oral cancer requires complex post-operative care that is beyond the scope of practice for an LPN/LVN. Choice B is incorrect because post-operative care for an obese client following a vertical banded gastroplasty involves monitoring for complications such as leaks or infections, which require the expertise of an RN. Choice C is incorrect because a client with anorexia nervosa with muscle weakness and decreased urine output may have underlying medical issues that require an RN's assessment and intervention skills