ATI RN
Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hormone binding alters membrane permeability (e.g., ion channels), activates/inactivates enzymes (e.g., cAMP pathways), and stimulates mitosis (e.g., growth hormone) all typical. Cellular mutations, DNA damage events, aren't standard hormone effects. This absence distinguishes normal signaling, critical for physiological responses, contrasting with pathological changes.
Question 2 of 5
If you drank a liter of water very quickly, the result would be
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Drinking a liter of water dilutes blood, lowering osmolality; negative feedback reduces ADH to excrete water, increasing urine. Oxytocin isn't involved, and increased ADH would retain water. Decreased ADH distinguishes this response, critical for fluid regulation, contrasting with retention signals.
Question 3 of 5
The body of a squirrel has to prepare for either fighting or running away by using which of the following hormones?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adrenaline, from the adrenal medulla, primes the body for 'fight or flight' by boosting heart rate, glucose release, and muscle blood flow ideal for a squirrel's rapid response. Oestrogen (ovaries) and testosterone (testes) drive reproductive traits, thyroxine (thyroid) sets metabolism not acute stress. Adrenaline's rapid, systemic effects distinguish it, key to survival in danger, contrasting with long-term hormonal actions.
Question 4 of 5
The hormone progesterone is secreted by which of the following glands?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Progesterone, secreted by the corpus luteum (ovarian follicle post-ovulation), sustains pregnancy by relaxing the uterus. Pituitary regulates via LH, adrenals produce cortisol, melatonin (pineal) isn't a gland here it's a hormone. Corpus luteum's temporary endocrine role distinguishes it, critical for gestation, contrasting with permanent glands or misnamed options.
Question 5 of 5
regarding the thyroid hormones in plasma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In hypothyroidism, low T3/T4 raises TSH via negative feedback to stimulate thyroid plasma TSH is high. Glucocorticoids suppress TSH, not directly free T4. Binding proteins (e.g., TBG) rise with oestrogens (e.g., pregnancy), not hypertension total T4 rises, free stays normal. Oestrogens increase, not decrease, total T4 via TBG. High TSH distinguishes hypothyroidism's feedback loop, critical for diagnosis, unlike glucocorticoid, binding, or oestrogen effects.