ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which one of the following is not located in the oral cavity or oropharynx?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: pharyngeal tonsils. Pharyngeal tonsils, also known as adenoids, are located in the nasopharynx, not in the oral cavity or oropharynx. Frenulums (A), lingual tonsils (B), and palatine tonsils (C) are all structures found within the oral cavity or oropharynx. Frenulums are small folds of tissue that connect the lips and tongue to the oral cavity. Lingual tonsils are located at the base of the tongue, and palatine tonsils are located on the sides of the throat. Therefore, the pharyngeal tonsils are the only option that is not located in the oral cavity or oropharynx.
Question 2 of 5
Which one of the following parts of the GI tract has the following characteristics: simple columnar epithelium, muscularis mucosa, Meissner's plexus, two layers of smooth muscle in the tunica muscularis and Peyer's patches of lymph nodules?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Simple columnar epithelium: Lines the inner surface of the GI tract for absorption. 2. Muscularis mucosa: Thin layer of smooth muscle for mucosal movement. 3. Meissner's plexus: Submucosal nerve plexus for controlling secretions. 4. Two layers of smooth muscle in the tunica muscularis: Helps in peristalsis. 5. Peyer's patches of lymph nodules: Part of the immune system in the GI tract, mainly found in the ileum for protection against pathogens. Therefore, the correct answer is C: ileum, as it has all the mentioned characteristics. Summary: A: duodenum - Lacks Peyer's patches and two layers of smooth muscle. B: jejunum - Lacks Meissner's plexus and Peyer's patches. D: colon - Lacks simple columnar epithelium, Meissner's plexus
Question 3 of 5
Gall stones result from the precipitation of ______ in the gallbladder.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: cholesterol. Gallstones are primarily formed from the precipitation of cholesterol in the gallbladder due to imbalances in bile components. Cholesterol stones are the most common type of gallstones. Calcium salts (B) can contribute to gallstone formation but are not the primary component. Uric acid salts (C) are associated with kidney stones, not gallstones. Urea (D) is a waste product excreted in urine and is not involved in gallstone formation.
Question 4 of 5
Lipids are emulsified by ______ and digested by ______.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: bile salts; lipase. Bile salts emulsify lipids by breaking them down into smaller droplets to increase the surface area for digestion by lipase. Lipase is the enzyme responsible for digesting lipids into fatty acids and glycerol. Option A is incorrect because lipase digests lipids, not bile salts. Option B is incorrect because amylase digests carbohydrates, not lipids. Option D is incorrect because pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins, not lipids.
Question 5 of 5
The stomach lining contains several types of cells. Which statement about them is correct?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because mucous cells in the stomach lining secrete the glycoprotein mucin, which helps protect the stomach lining from the acidic environment and digestive enzymes. This is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the stomach wall and preventing damage. Chief cells (option B) secrete pepsinogen, not gastrin. Parietal cells (option C) secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, not pepsinogen. G cells (option D) secrete gastrin, a hormone that stimulates acid secretion but do not secrete hydrochloric acid directly. Therefore, option A is correct as it accurately describes the function of mucous cells in the stomach lining.