ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which one of the following hormones is secreted by neurones?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Oxytocin. Neurones secrete oxytocin, a hormone involved in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation. Neurones release oxytocin from the hypothalamus into the bloodstream. Insulin is secreted by pancreatic cells, not neurones. Thyroid stimulating hormone is produced by the pituitary gland, and cortisol is released by the adrenal glands. Therefore, the correct answer is oxytocin as it is the hormone secreted by neurones.
Question 2 of 5
Endocrine glands release hormones:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream to reach target organs and regulate various physiological processes. This allows for systemic effects on the body. Choices B and C are incorrect as hormones are not released directly into tissues or skin. Choice D is also incorrect as endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream, not through ducts.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following statements is true?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Choice A: 1. The hypothalamus produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 2. These hormones are transported via the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system to the posterior pituitary for storage. 3. When needed, the posterior pituitary releases these hormones into the bloodstream. 4. Oxytocin is involved in labor and milk ejection, while ADH regulates water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Summary of other Choices: B. Incorrect - ADH, when released, causes urine volume to decrease and blood volume to increase by increasing water reabsorption. C. Incorrect - Luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation and stimulates progesterone production but is released by the anterior pituitary, not the hypothalamus. D. Incorrect - Hyposecretion of FSH or LH can lead to infertility, not necessarily sterility, and the effects differ between males and females.
Question 4 of 5
Which hormone is involved in the regulation of calcium levels in the blood?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood by increasing calcium release from bones, enhancing calcium absorption in the intestines, and promoting calcium reabsorption in the kidneys. This hormone acts to elevate blood calcium levels when they are low. B: Aldosterone is a hormone that regulates sodium and potassium levels, not calcium. C: Calcitonin is involved in lowering blood calcium levels by inhibiting the breakdown of bone tissue, but it is not the primary hormone responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood. D: Thyroid hormone plays a role in metabolism regulation, growth, and development, but it is not directly involved in the regulation of calcium levels in the blood.
Question 5 of 5
A patient presents with tiredness, weakness, anorexia, apathy, abdominal pain, hyperpigmentation and postural hypertension. Upon infection he appears to be in cardiogenic shock and his blood volume is depleted. His sodium levels are low, potassium levels are high. Which of the following would also be elevated?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: ACTH. In this scenario, the patient is exhibiting symptoms of adrenal insufficiency, specifically Addison's disease. ACTH levels would be elevated due to the lack of negative feedback from cortisol, which is typically low in adrenal insufficiency. TSH (A) and T4 (B) would be normal or low due to the hypofunction of the adrenal gland, not the thyroid. Adrenal hormones (C) would be low in adrenal insufficiency, not elevated.