Which one of the following findings in an adult should prompt immediate management during primary survey?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute. This finding should prompt immediate management during the primary survey because an elevated respiratory rate can indicate respiratory distress or impending respiratory failure, which requires urgent intervention to maintain adequate oxygenation and prevent further deterioration. Option A) Distended abdomen is not typically a priority during the primary survey unless it is causing respiratory compromise or other life-threatening issues. Option B) GCS of 11 indicates a decreased level of consciousness but is not as immediately life-threatening as a high respiratory rate. Option C) Temperature of 36.5 is within the normal range and would not typically require immediate intervention during the primary survey. In an educational context, it is essential for healthcare providers to prioritize and address the most life-threatening issues first during a primary survey to ensure the best outcomes for the patient. Understanding the significance of abnormal vital signs and clinical findings helps in making quick and accurate decisions in emergency situations, especially when caring for patients with complex conditions like Alzheimer's disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In injured pediatric patients, the most common acid-base disturbance is caused by changes in ventilation, making option B the correct answer. This is because injury can lead to respiratory distress, altering the normal exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the lungs, resulting in respiratory acidosis or alkalosis. Option A, "Hemorrhage," typically leads to metabolic acidosis due to the loss of bicarbonate in the blood. Option C, "Renal failure," is more likely to cause metabolic acidosis or alkalosis rather than a primary respiratory acid-base disturbance. Option D, "Injudicious bicarbonate administration," can lead to metabolic alkalosis but is not the most common acid-base disturbance in injured pediatric patients. Educationally, understanding acid-base disturbances in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses caring for these vulnerable populations. Recognizing the underlying causes of these disturbances allows for prompt intervention and treatment to maintain physiological balance and improve patient outcomes. Nurses need to be knowledgeable about the specific acid-base disturbances common in pediatric patients to provide safe and effective care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of caring for patients with Alzheimer's Disease, understanding the use of supraglottic airway devices is crucial for maintaining airway patency and ensuring adequate oxygenation. The correct answer, option D, "Are of value as part of a difficult or failed intubation plan," is the most appropriate because supraglottic airway devices serve as a rescue airway management option when traditional intubation methods are challenging or unsuccessful. Option A, "Are equivalent to endotracheal intubation," is incorrect because supraglottic airway devices do not provide the same level of airway protection and control as endotracheal intubation, especially in cases where securing the airway is critical. Option B, "Require neck extension for proper placement," is incorrect as supraglottic airway devices are designed to be inserted without the need for extensive neck manipulation, making them a valuable tool in situations where neck movement may be restricted or contraindicated. Option C, "Are preferable to endotracheal intubation in a patient who cannot lie flat," is incorrect because while supraglottic airway devices may be easier to insert in patients who cannot lie flat, they do not replace the definitive airway control provided by endotracheal intubation in critical scenarios. Educationally, it is important for healthcare providers to understand the specific indications, contraindications, and limitations of supraglottic airway devices in order to make informed decisions in airway management, especially in challenging clinical situations such as difficult intubations or patients with Alzheimer's Disease who may have unique airway management needs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of caring for patients with Alzheimer's Disease, professionalism is related to how a person behaves at work (Option B). This is the correct answer because professionalism encompasses the behaviors, attitudes, and values that are expected in a workplace setting, especially in healthcare where patient care and safety are paramount. Professionalism in this context involves demonstrating respect, empathy, effective communication, ethical decision-making, and maintaining boundaries. Option A, how a person behaves at home, is incorrect because while personal values and behaviors can influence professionalism, the specific focus in this question is on professional conduct in a work environment. Option C, how well a person performs on tests, is also incorrect as it pertains more to academic achievement rather than professional behavior. Option D, how a resident behaves in a facility, is incorrect as it is the responsibility of the healthcare professional to maintain professionalism regardless of how others, such as residents with Alzheimer's Disease, behave. Educationally, understanding the importance of professionalism in healthcare settings is crucial for providing quality care to patients, including those with Alzheimer's Disease. By upholding high standards of professionalism, healthcare professionals can build trust with patients, colleagues, and families, ultimately improving patient outcomes and creating a positive work environment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of caring for patients with Alzheimer's Disease, promoting Residents' Rights is essential to providing person-centered care and maintaining their dignity. Option C, providing privacy during all care procedures, promotes Residents' Rights by upholding their right to dignity, autonomy, and confidentiality. This practice allows individuals to maintain their sense of self and control over their personal space, fostering a trusting and respectful relationship between the caregiver and the patient. Option A is incorrect because deciding which clothing a resident should wear without their input violates their right to self-determination and choice. It is important to involve residents in decision-making to empower them and respect their autonomy. Option B is incorrect as letting residents know when they are eating too slowly could be perceived as disrespectful and may infringe on their right to eat at their own pace, which is essential for their well-being and comfort. Option D is incorrect because restricting visitors for uncooperative residents limits their social interactions and violates their right to maintain relationships with others, which is crucial for their emotional well-being. Educationally, understanding and promoting Residents' Rights in caring for patients with Alzheimer's Disease is fundamental in providing holistic and person-centered care. By respecting their autonomy, dignity, and privacy, caregivers can enhance the quality of life for individuals with Alzheimer's and create a supportive and empowering care environment.