Which one of the following drugs when used by a pregnant woman is likely to lead to oligohydramnios?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Captopril. Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that can lead to oligohydramnios in pregnant women due to its effect on reducing fetal renal function. This can result in decreased amniotic fluid levels. Diazepam (A) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety and is not associated with oligohydramnios. Ampicillin (C) is an antibiotic commonly used during pregnancy and does not cause oligohydramnios. Pethidine (D) is an opioid analgesic with no known association with oligohydramnios in pregnancy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A (36 weeks gestation) because at this point in pregnancy, the fetus has reached a stable lie position. Before 36 weeks, fetal lie can vary due to the ample space in the uterus. After 36 weeks, the fetus tends to settle into a consistent head-down or breech position, making the lie stable. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are past the point where the lie typically stabilizes, leading to less variability in fetal positioning.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Non-pharmacological methods of pain relief. Homeopathy, music therapy, and hydrotherapy are all non-pharmacological approaches that do not involve the use of medication to manage pain. They focus on alternative techniques to alleviate pain, such as using natural remedies, music, or water-based therapies. These methods aim to address pain through holistic approaches that do not rely on traditional pharmaceutical interventions. A: Systemic methods of pain relief typically involve medications that affect the entire body, such as opioids. B: Regional analgesia methods target specific areas for pain relief, like nerve blocks. C: Inhalational analgesia involves administering pain relief medications through inhalation, such as nitrous oxide. In summary, the other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the non-pharmacological nature of homeopathy, music therapy, and hydrotherapy in managing pain.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Severe epigastric pain in preeclampsia is not associated with hyperacidity but is more likely due to complications such as HELLP syndrome or liver involvement. Preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria, not hyperacidity. Therefore, severe epigastric pain in preeclampsia should not be attributed to hyperacidity. Other choices are not applicable.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A (36 weeks gestation) because at this stage, the fetal lie should stabilize into a consistent position, typically longitudinal. Before 36 weeks, fetal movement and position can vary frequently. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are past the point where fetal lie should have stabilized. At 42 weeks gestation (Choice B), the baby is considered post-term, and fetal lie should have already been established. Similarly, Choices C (38 weeks) and D (40 weeks) fall within the expected range for fetal lie stabilization.