Which one of the following bactericidal antimycobacterial drugs binds to S12 * ribosomal subunit inhibiting protein synthesis when injectable drug is needed and also effective against drug-resistant tuberculosis drug, can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Streptomycin. Streptomycin binds to the S12 ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is effective against drug-resistant tuberculosis and is used as an injectable drug. Streptomycin can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity as side effects. Choice B: Ethambutol primarily inhibits cell wall synthesis and can cause optic neuritis. Choice C: Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis and can cause hepatotoxicity. Choice D: Rifampicin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and can cause hepatotoxicity and drug interactions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sildenafil. Dutasteride and sildenafil are both metabolized by the same enzymes in the liver, specifically CYP3A4 and CYP2C9. When taken together, sildenafil can increase the blood levels of dutasteride, leading to a higher risk of side effects. Tamsulosin (choice B) is commonly used in combination with dutasteride for BPH without significant interactions. Testosterone (choice C) is not typically used in BPH treatment and does not interact significantly with dutasteride. Therefore, the potential interaction between dutasteride and sildenafil is the reason why choice D is correct.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Furosemide. Aminoglycoside antibiotics can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Furosemide, a loop diuretic, also has the potential to cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, leading to a serious side effect when combined with aminoglycosides. On the other hand, choices B, C, and D (Hydrochlorothiazide, Spironolactone, and Acetazolamide) do not share the same serious side effects with aminoglycosides. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that acts on the distal convoluted tubule, Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that acts on the collecting duct, and Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic that works in the proximal tubule. Therefore, Furosemide should

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Intravenous Plain NSS infusion is the treatment of choice for dilutional hyponatremia, which can occur as a complication of furosemide therapy due to excessive diuresis leading to low sodium levels. This solution helps restore normal sodium levels without affecting the fluid balance. Summary: A: Hypokalemia - Furosemide therapy can cause hypokalemia, which is usually treated with potassium supplements, not NSS infusion. B: Severe dehydration - NSS infusion may be used for severe dehydration but is not specific to furosemide therapy complications. D: None of the above - Incorrect, as C is the correct answer for dilutional hyponatremia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: albumin. Glomerular capillaries have a filtration barrier that prevents large molecules like albumin from passing into the filtrate. Water (A), urea (C), and sodium ions (D) are smaller molecules that can pass through the filtration barrier and are normally found in the filtrate. Albumin, being a large protein molecule, is normally retained in the blood and not expected to appear in the filtrate. This is essential for maintaining proper blood composition and oncotic pressure.