Which of these structures is responsible for the production of bile?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: liver. The liver is responsible for the production of bile, which is a greenish-yellow fluid that aids in digestion by emulsifying fats. Bile is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder (not produced by it). The pancreas produces digestive enzymes, not bile. The small intestine is where bile is released to help with the digestion of fats, but it is not responsible for its production. Therefore, the liver is the correct answer as it is the primary organ involved in bile production.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: parietal cells. Parietal cells are the specific type of cell in the stomach responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid. They play a crucial role in the digestion process by creating an acidic environment necessary for the activation of digestive enzymes and breakdown of food. Chief cells mainly produce pepsinogen, mucous cells secrete mucus for protection, and enteric cells are related to the enteric nervous system, not acid secretion in the stomach. Therefore, parietal cells are the correct choice for this question.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Liver. The liver produces bile, which plays a crucial role in digestion by breaking down fats. The pancreas (A) produces digestive enzymes, not bile. The gallbladder (B) stores bile produced by the liver but does not produce it. The stomach (D) produces gastric juices, not bile. Therefore, the liver is the only organ that produces bile, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the small intestine is primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food. It has specialized structures like villi to maximize nutrient absorption. Choice A is incorrect as the pancreas and other organs produce digestive enzymes. Choice C is incorrect as the liver produces bile. Choice D is incorrect as waste is stored in the large intestine, not the small intestine.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: CCK. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone released by the small intestine in response to the presence of fatty acids and amino acids. It stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and increases bile production by the liver cells to aid in digestion. Sympathetic activation (choice A) typically inhibits digestive functions. Secretin (choice B) primarily stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion, not bile production. Bile salts (choice D) are products of bile, not direct stimulators of bile production. Therefore, CCK is the correct choice as it directly influences the production of bile by the liver cells.