ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of these statements does NOT describe normal blood pH?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because normal blood pH is slightly basic, not acidic. Blood pH range is narrow (7.35-7.45) for optimal physiological function. A is incorrect because blood pH is slightly basic, not acidic. B is incorrect because the normal range of blood pH is indeed narrow. C is incorrect as it accurately describes the normal range of blood pH. Thus, D is the only statement that does not describe normal blood pH.
Question 2 of 5
You are volunteering in the medical tent of a road race on a hot, humid day. A runner who has collapsed on the road is brought in with the following symptoms: sunken eyes, a body temperature of 100F, and a complaint of dizziness while sitting to have his blood pressure taken (which subsides upon his lying down). These are signs of a fluid volume deficit. Which of the following treatments should be carried out first?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Give him an electrolyte solution by mouth. This is the first step because the runner is showing signs of dehydration, indicated by sunken eyes and dizziness. Providing electrolyte solution by mouth helps replenish lost fluids and essential electrolytes. Option A, offering water by mouth, may not be enough to address the electrolyte imbalance. Option B, cooling the body, is not the priority when the primary concern is fluid deficit. Option C, giving a transfusion of FFP, is unnecessary and not indicated for fluid volume deficit. Administering an electrolyte solution addresses the immediate need for rehydration and helps restore the body's electrolyte balance efficiently.
Question 3 of 5
A renal failure patient with severe hyperkalemia (K+ level 7.2 mEq/L) has just been admitted to the nursing unit. Given the severity of this situation, the nurse should be prepared to administer which intravenous infusion stat?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Regular insulin infusion, rate dependent on lab values. Insulin drives potassium into cells, lowering serum levels. In this case of severe hyperkalemia, urgent intervention is required. The nurse should administer insulin to lower potassium levels quickly. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly address the hyperkalemia. Lactated Ringer solution does not specifically address hyperkalemia. Solu-Medrol is a steroid and Dilaudid is a pain medication, neither of which treat hyperkalemia.
Question 4 of 5
A 70-year-old male patient is being monitored for heart rhythm disturbances following the administration of diuretics. Which laboratory result is most indicative of a potassium imbalance?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Serum potassium 2.8 mEq/L. A low potassium level (hypokalemia) can result from diuretic use, leading to heart rhythm disturbances. Potassium is crucial for proper heart function. Choice A, serum sodium 135 mEq/L, is within normal range and not indicative of a potassium imbalance. Choice C, serum calcium 8.5 mg/dL, and choice D, serum phosphate 3.5 mg/dL, are not directly related to potassium imbalance. Monitoring serum potassium levels is vital in patients on diuretics to prevent potential complications.
Question 5 of 5
A 40-year-old patient complains of fatigue, weight gain, and swelling in the legs. Blood work reveals decreased albumin levels. What is the most likely underlying condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Liver failure. The symptoms of fatigue, weight gain, and decreased albumin levels are indicative of liver failure. Liver failure can lead to decreased albumin synthesis, causing fluid accumulation in the body leading to swelling in the legs. Chronic kidney disease (A) typically presents with other symptoms like elevated creatinine levels. Congestive heart failure (C) usually presents with symptoms like shortness of breath and edema, but not typically low albumin levels. Hypothyroidism (D) can cause fatigue and weight gain, but it does not directly lead to decreased albumin levels and leg swelling.