ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of these statements applies to transeellular fluid?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because transcellular fluid refers to fluid that is contained within specific cavities of the body, such as cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, and digestive juices. This fluid is not freely exchangeable with other body fluids, so its volume is generally not affected by changes in overall hydration status. A is incorrect because interstitial fluid in the central nervous system is not considered transcellular fluid. B is incorrect because the volume of transcellular fluid can vary based on specific bodily functions. C is incorrect because while transcellular fluid is a component of extracellular fluid, it does not form the largest percentage.
Question 2 of 5
During a period of extreme excess fluid volume, a renal dialysis patient may be administered which type of IV solution to shrink the swollen cells by pulling water out of the cell?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 3% sodium chloride. In extreme excess fluid volume, a hypertonic solution like 3% sodium chloride is used to shrink swollen cells by creating an osmotic gradient that pulls water out of the cells. This solution has a higher concentration of solutes than the intracellular fluid, causing water to move out of the cells and into the bloodstream. Explanation for other choices: A: 0.9% sodium chloride is isotonic and would not pull water out of the cells. B: 5% dextrose and water is isotonic and would not cause water movement out of the cells. D: Lactated Ringer solution is isotonic and would not lead to water leaving the swollen cells.
Question 3 of 5
A 77-year-old female hospital patient has contracted Clostridium difficile during her stay and is experiencing severe diarrhea. Which of the following statements best conveys a risk that this woman faces?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: She is susceptible to isotonic fluid volume deficit. In Clostridium difficile infection, severe diarrhea can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, causing isotonic fluid volume deficit. This condition can result in hypovolemia and other complications. Choice B is incorrect because isotonic fluid volume excess is not typically associated with Clostridium difficile infection. Choice C is incorrect because third-spacing edema due to plasma protein losses is not a common risk in this scenario. Choice D is incorrect because compensatory fluid volume overload secondary to gastrointestinal water and electrolyte losses is not a typical risk in Clostridium difficile infection.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse in a medical unit has noted that a client's potassium level is elevated at 6.1 mEq/L. The nurse has notified the physician, removed the banana from the client's lunch tray, and is performing a focused assessment. When questioned by the client for the rationale for these actions, which of the following explanations is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer A (Your potassium level is high, and so I need you to let me know if you feel numbness, tingling, or weakness): 1. Acknowledges the high potassium level directly. 2. Provides specific symptoms related to hyperkalemia. 3. Encourages client involvement in monitoring and reporting symptoms promptly. Summary of Incorrect Answers: B: Mentions brain function changes, which is not a primary concern with elevated potassium levels. C: Focuses on heart-related symptoms only, missing other important symptoms of hyperkalemia. D: Suggests resolving high potassium levels solely through IV fluid changes, which is not always sufficient.
Question 5 of 5
A runner collapses at a marathon event in a hot, humid climate and is brought to the medical tent. Symptoms include weakness, sunken eyes, and a rapid heartbeat. What is the most immediate course of action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer oral rehydration salts. This is the most immediate course of action because the runner is likely experiencing dehydration and electrolyte imbalance due to the hot and humid climate. Oral rehydration salts will help replenish lost fluids and electrolytes quickly. Providing plain water (choice B) may not be sufficient to address the electrolyte imbalance. Beginning intravenous fluid therapy (choice C) is not necessary at this stage unless the runner is in severe condition. Cooling the patient with ice packs and fans (choice D) may help with heat exhaustion but does not address the underlying issue of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.