ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of these situations might be a consequence of vomiting of gastric contents?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Vomiting leads to loss of fluids and electrolytes, causing dehydration. 2. Loss of stomach acid (HCl) during vomiting can result in metabolic alkalosis. 3. Dehydration leads to increased concentration of HCO3- in the blood, causing metabolic acidosis. 4. Therefore, vomiting can lead to dehydration and metabolic acidosis (Choice C). Summary: - Choice A is incorrect as vomiting leads to loss of H+ ions, not abnormal buildup. - Choice B is incorrect as vomiting does not lead to a decrease in HCO3-. - Choice D is incorrect as vomiting typically leads to metabolic acidosis, not alkalosis.
Question 2 of 5
Overall, input of substances found in plasma is not controlled to a large extent.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Plasma contains various substances like water, electrolytes, hormones, and nutrients. Step 2: The input of these substances is mainly determined by factors like diet, metabolism, and hormonal regulation. Step 3: Therefore, the overall input of substances in plasma is not extensively controlled. Step 4: Choice A (TRUE) is correct because the input of substances in plasma is not highly regulated. Step 5: Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the fact that the input of substances in plasma is not tightly controlled.
Question 3 of 5
If the body is in a state of negative water balance, this will have a direct and profound effect on the volume of
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. In a state of negative water balance, the body is losing more water than it is taking in. This will lead to dehydration and a decrease in total body water volume, not an increase. The other choices, A, C, and D, are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the impact of negative water balance on body volume.
Question 4 of 5
Na+ is the major cation of the ICF, while K+ is the major anion of the ECF.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Na+ is the major cation of the ECF (extracellular fluid), not the ICF (intracellular fluid). K+ is the major cation of the ICF, not the major anion of the ECF. Therefore, the statement in the question is incorrect. Choice A is incorrect because it incorrectly states the information. Choices C and D are irrelevant as they do not provide any relevant response to the question.
Question 5 of 5
Salt conservation by the body will result in an increase in ECF volume and not hypertonicity of the ECF.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: When the body conserves salt, it retains more sodium ions in the extracellular fluid (ECF). Step 2: Sodium ions attract water, leading to an increase in ECF volume. Step 3: This increase in volume dilutes the ECF, making it less hypertonic. Step 4: Therefore, salt conservation results in increased ECF volume, not hypertonicity. Summary: Option A is correct because salt conservation leads to volume expansion in the ECF, not hypertonicity. Option B is incorrect as it misinterprets the relationship between salt conservation and ECF characteristics. Options C and D are not applicable as they are placeholders.