Which of these organs is not considered an accessory digestive structure?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: mouth. The mouth is not considered an accessory digestive structure because it is part of the main digestive system. The mouth is where the process of digestion begins with the mechanical breakdown of food through chewing and the chemical breakdown through the action of saliva produced by salivary glands. The salivary glands, pancreas, and liver are all accessory digestive structures because they aid in the digestion process but are not part of the alimentary canal. Salivary glands produce enzymes to further break down food, the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into the small intestine, and the liver produces bile to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. These organs work alongside the main digestive system to help with the breakdown and absorption of nutrients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Liver disorders. Rifampin and isoniazid are known to cause hepatotoxicity as a potential side effect. The combination of these two medications can lead to liver damage, making it crucial for the nurse to monitor liver function tests regularly. Gallstones (A), bleeding ulcers (C), and esophagitis (D) are not typically associated with rifampin and isoniazid therapy. Monitoring for liver disorders is essential due to the risk of hepatotoxicity with these medications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: formation and elimination of feces. The main function of the large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes, form feces by compacting and storing waste material, and eliminate feces through defecation. This process helps maintain the body's fluid balance and eliminates waste. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because absorption of nutrients primarily occurs in the small intestine, secretion of digestive enzymes mainly occurs in the stomach and small intestine, and digestion of proteins mainly occurs in the stomach and small intestine, not the large intestine.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The liver detoxifies drugs and alcohol. The liver contains enzymes that break down harmful substances, helping to remove toxins from the body. This process is essential for maintaining overall health. Choice A is incorrect because the pancreas, not the liver, produces digestive enzymes. Choice B is also incorrect because the gallbladder, not the liver, stores bile. Choice D is incorrect because the pancreas, not the liver, produces insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Small intestine. The small intestine is where most nutrient absorption occurs due to its large surface area, specialized villi, and microvilli that increase absorption efficiency. Digestive enzymes and bile are also secreted here to further break down nutrients. Stomach (A) primarily aids in digestion, not absorption. Large intestine (C) mainly absorbs water and electrolytes, not nutrients. Mouth (D) begins the digestion process by mechanical breakdown and some enzyme release, but minimal absorption occurs here.