ATI RN
Health Assessment Neurological System NCLEX Questions Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of these locations in the forebrain is the master control center for homeostasis through the autonomic and endocrine systems?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the master control center for homeostasis as it regulates various bodily functions through the autonomic and endocrine systems. It plays a crucial role in maintaining body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, and hormone regulation. The thalamus (B) is responsible for sensory relay, the amygdala (C) is involved in emotion processing, and the cerebral cortex (D) is responsible for higher cognitive functions. Therefore, the hypothalamus is the correct choice for controlling homeostasis in the body.
Question 2 of 5
What is the biological vector for African sleeping sickness?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: tsetse fly. Tsetse flies are the biological vectors for African sleeping sickness, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei. Tsetse flies transmit the parasite through their bite, leading to the infection in humans. Mosquitoes (choice A), deer ticks (choice C), and sand flies (choice D) are vectors for other diseases such as malaria, Lyme disease, and leishmaniasis, respectively. Therefore, they are not associated with the transmission of African sleeping sickness.
Question 3 of 5
An elderly patient is brought to the clinic for confusion, horizontal eye movement bilaterally, and intermittent disorientation to time and place over the past 3 months. The patient has a history of alcoholism for 30 years. Which dementia type is the patient most likely experiencing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Wernicke's encephalopathy. This patient's history of chronic alcoholism puts them at risk for thiamine deficiency, leading to Wernicke's encephalopathy. Symptoms such as confusion, horizontal eye movement abnormalities (nystagmus), and disorientation are classic features. Pick's disease (B) is a rare form of frontotemporal dementia with distinct pathological features. Lewy bodies (C) are associated with dementia with Lewy bodies, characterized by visual hallucinations and parkinsonism. Parkinson's disease (D) primarily presents with motor symptoms like tremors and rigidity, not cognitive deficits like this patient.
Question 4 of 5
A patient who fears serious heart disease was referred to the mental health center by a cardiologist after diagnostic evaluation showed no physical illness. The patient says, My heart misses beats. I'm frequently absent from work. I don't go out much because I need to rest. Which health problem is most likely?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C: Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis). This is because the patient's persistent fear of having a serious illness despite medical reassurance aligns with the key feature of excessive health-related anxiety. The patient's focus on physical symptoms and avoidance behaviors also indicate a somatic symptom-related disorder. Incorrect choices: A: Body dysmorphic disorder - This disorder involves preoccupation with perceived defects in physical appearance, not fear of having a serious illness. B: Antisocial personality disorder - This disorder is characterized by a disregard for others' rights and feelings, not health-related anxiety. D: Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) - While depression can present with physical symptoms, the patient's primary concern is health-related anxiety rather than low mood.
Question 5 of 5
A patient reports fears of having cervical cancer and says to the nurse, I've had Pap smears by six different doctors. The results are normal, but I'm sure that's because of errors in the laboratory. Which disorder would the nurse suspect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis). This disorder involves excessive worry about having a serious illness despite medical reassurance. In this case, the patient's persistent fear of cervical cancer despite normal Pap smear results and attributing them to laboratory errors aligns with the characteristic of illness anxiety disorder. Other choices: A: Functional neurologic (conversion) disorder - This disorder involves physical symptoms without a medical explanation. The patient in the question does not exhibit physical symptoms. C: Body dysmorphic disorder - This disorder involves preoccupation with perceived defects in physical appearance. The patient's concern is not related to body image. D: Dissociative amnesia with fugue - This disorder involves memory loss with sudden travel or wandering. The patient does not display memory loss or wandering behavior in the scenario.