ATI RN
Endocrine Review of Systems Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of these is true of the endocrine system?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: The endocrine system secretes hormones that travel through the bloodstream to specific target cells. (Choice A) Step 2: These hormones regulate metabolic activities in the body. (Choice B) Step 3: The effects of hormonal actions can last for an extended period, leading to prolonged effects. (Choice C) Therefore, all the statements A, B, and C are true about the endocrine system, making choice D the correct answer. Other choices are incorrect as they do not encompass all aspects of the endocrine system's functions.
Question 2 of 5
The largest endocrine gland(s) that makes 3 hormones that affect the metabolism is the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland that produces 3 hormones (T3, T4, and calcitonin) that regulate metabolism. T3 and T4 control the body's metabolic rate, while calcitonin helps regulate calcium levels in the blood. The pancreas (A) primarily produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels. The adrenal glands (B) produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline to regulate stress response. The pituitary gland (D) controls various other endocrine glands but does not primarily produce hormones affecting metabolism.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following hormones controls the production and release of glucocorticoids?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: ACTH. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal glands to produce and release glucocorticoids, such as cortisol. ADH (A) regulates water balance, GH (C) controls growth, and FSH (D) regulates reproductive functions. ACTH specifically targets the adrenal cortex to regulate glucocorticoid production, making it the correct choice in this scenario.
Question 4 of 5
The endocrine gland responsible for the body’s circadian rhythm is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pineal gland. The pineal gland secretes melatonin, a hormone that regulates the body's circadian rhythm. Melatonin helps control the sleep-wake cycle, making the pineal gland crucial for maintaining our internal body clock. The other choices, Thymus, Parathyroid, and Pituitary glands, are not directly involved in regulating circadian rhythms. Thymus is responsible for immune function, Parathyroid regulates calcium levels, and Pituitary gland controls various hormones but not specifically circadian rhythm. Hence, the pineal gland is the correct choice for this question.
Question 5 of 5
Hypothyroidism in children:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cretinism. Cretinism is a condition of severe hypothyroidism during childhood, leading to stunted growth, intellectual disability, and physical deformities. Myxoedema refers to severe hypothyroidism in adults, not children. Graves disease is a form of hyperthyroidism, opposite of hypothyroidism. Acromegaly is a condition caused by excess growth hormone, not related to thyroid dysfunction. Therefore, Cretinism is the correct answer for hypothyroidism in children due to its specific characteristics and presentation.