ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions on Gastrointestinal Disorders Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of these is the main function of the large intestine?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: formation and elimination of feces. The main function of the large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes, form feces by compacting and storing waste material, and eliminate feces through defecation. This process helps maintain the body's fluid balance and eliminates waste. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because absorption of nutrients primarily occurs in the small intestine, secretion of digestive enzymes mainly occurs in the stomach and small intestine, and digestion of proteins mainly occurs in the stomach and small intestine, not the large intestine.
Question 2 of 5
Where does most nutrient absorption occur?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Small intestine. The small intestine is where most nutrient absorption occurs due to its large surface area, specialized villi, and microvilli that increase absorption efficiency. Digestive enzymes and bile are also secreted here to further break down nutrients. Stomach (A) primarily aids in digestion, not absorption. Large intestine (C) mainly absorbs water and electrolytes, not nutrients. Mouth (D) begins the digestion process by mechanical breakdown and some enzyme release, but minimal absorption occurs here.
Question 3 of 5
The secretion of the exocrine pancreas is increased by the following except:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vagal stimulation. Vagal stimulation does not directly increase the secretion of the exocrine pancreas. Acetylcholine, Secretin, and CCK are known to stimulate pancreatic secretion through various mechanisms. Acetylcholine acts through muscarinic receptors, Secretin is released in response to acidic chyme in the duodenum, and CCK is released in response to fat and proteins in the duodenum, all leading to increased pancreatic enzyme secretion. Vagal stimulation plays a role in the parasympathetic nervous system but does not directly stimulate pancreatic secretion.
Question 4 of 5
The actions of secretin include:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because secretin is a hormone that stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate by pancreatic duct cells. This helps neutralize the acidic chyme entering the duodenum from the stomach. A is incorrect because secretin does not directly affect salivary secretion. B is incorrect because secretin does not relax the esophageal sphincters. C is incorrect because secretin inhibits gastric secretion rather than stimulating it. Therefore, the correct choice is D as it aligns with the physiological role of secretin in pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.
Question 5 of 5
The mucosal cells of the human colon perform the following functions:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: 1. The mucosal cells of the colon absorb Na to maintain electrolyte balance. 2. Na absorption is crucial for water reabsorption. 3. This process helps regulate stool consistency and prevent dehydration. Summary: A: Incorrect - Bile acid conversion primarily occurs in the liver. B: Incorrect - Bilirubin breakdown mainly occurs in the liver and intestines. D: Incorrect - Aromatic amino acid absorption occurs mainly in the small intestine.