Which of these is not a feature of pre renal ARF?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Urine osmolality <500 mOsm/kg isn't pre-renal ARF should be >500, concentrating urine (e.g., hypoperfusion), incorrect. Decreased GFR perfusion drop, true. High specific gravity concentrated, correct. Urinary sodium <10 reabsorption, accurate. High osmolality distinguishes pre-renal, key to hypoperfusion response, unlike dilute error.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ice-water enema isn't appropriate for priapism no evidence, ineffective vs. ischemic (e.g., sickle cell). Terbutaline (β-agonist), aspiration (decompression), and Neo-Synephrine (vasoconstriction) target corpora standard. Lack of efficacy distinguishes enema, key to priapism management, unlike proven interventions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Vascular surgeon consult is most appropriate for a clotted dialysis shunt thrombectomy/revision restores access, standard. Heparin irrigation risks embolization unsafe. Angiogram diagnoses not treatment. Systemic urokinase is outdated local preferred if thrombolysis needed. Surgical expertise distinguishes it, key to shunt salvage, unlike irrigation or systemic options.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Juxtamedullary nephrons (15-20%) have large glomeruli near the cortex-medulla junction and long loops with vasa recta not 80%, surface glomeruli, or peritubular capillaries. This distinguishes their role in urine concentration, critical for medullary gradient, contrasting with cortical nephrons.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Schistosomiasis morbidity stems from eggs causing inflammation/fibrosis, not worms, miracidia (free-living), or 'schistooulium' (typo). This identifies pathogenic stage, key for complications, contrasting with adult worm effects.