ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of these is most associated with bile?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: liver. Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder before being released into the small intestine to aid in digestion. The liver plays a crucial role in bile production, whereas the pancreas is primarily responsible for producing digestive enzymes. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile but does not produce it. The small intestine is where bile acts to break down fats. Therefore, the liver is most associated with bile due to its production and regulation of bile.
Question 2 of 5
Relating to carbohydrate digestion:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because bile salts are essential for the digestion and absorption of fats, not carbohydrates. Cellulose cannot be digested by human amylases, making choice A incorrect. Starch digestion starts in the mouth with salivary amylase, not one-third in the mouth and two-thirds in the small gut, so choice C is incorrect. Carbohydrate digestion can occur simultaneously with protein digestion, so choice D is also incorrect. Bile salts aid in emulsifying fats, facilitating their digestion and absorption in the small intestine.
Question 3 of 5
Pancreatic exocrine secretion is stimulated by the following except:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Entropeptidase. Pancreatic exocrine secretion is primarily stimulated by hormones like CCK and the presence of food in the stomach. Vagal stimulation can also trigger pancreatic secretion. However, enteropeptidase is an enzyme that activates trypsinogen to trypsin in the small intestine, not a direct stimulator of pancreatic exocrine secretion. Therefore, choice B is the exception among the given options.
Question 4 of 5
A male infant, who was normal for the first three weeks of life, develops projectile vomiting after feeding. The likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, congenital pyloric stenosis. This condition typically presents in male infants around 3-6 weeks of age with projectile vomiting due to hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle, leading to obstruction at the pylorus. This causes the infant to forcefully vomit shortly after feeding. Meckel's diverticulum (A) presents with painless rectal bleeding. Esophageal atresia (B) presents with drooling and choking with feeding. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (C) presents with respiratory distress and scaphoid abdomen due to herniation of abdominal organs into the chest cavity.
Question 5 of 5
In the colon, which is benign and has no significant tendency to undergo malignant transformation?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: juvenile polyp. Juvenile polyps are benign growths commonly found in the colon and rectum of children. They have no significant tendency to undergo malignant transformation due to their non-neoplastic nature. They are typically small, solitary, and have a smooth surface. Familial polyposis (choice A) is a hereditary condition characterized by numerous polyps in the colon, which can progress to colorectal cancer. Villous adenomas (choice C) are precancerous lesions with a higher risk of malignant transformation. Carcinoid tumors (choice D) are neuroendocrine tumors that can be found in various parts of the body, including the gastrointestinal tract, and have the potential to be malignant.