ATI RN
Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of these is absorbed in the stomach?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Water is absorbed in the stomach through a process called osmosis, where water molecules pass through the stomach lining into the bloodstream. Vitamins are primarily absorbed in the small intestine, while carbohydrates and proteins are broken down in the stomach but absorbed in the small intestine. Water is the only substance among the choices that undergoes absorption directly in the stomach due to its small molecular size and the body's constant need for hydration.
Question 2 of 5
The component parts of the myenteric plexus of the enteric nervous system includes the following except:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Control centers in the medulla oblongata. The myenteric plexus is part of the enteric nervous system located in the gastrointestinal tract, involved in regulating gut motility. Sensory neurons (A), motor neurons (C), and synapses (D) are essential components of the myenteric plexus, responsible for sensing stimuli, transmitting signals, and coordinating muscle contractions in the gut. Control centers in the medulla oblongata are part of the central nervous system, not directly related to the myenteric plexus functions. Thus, choice B is incorrect in the context of the components of the myenteric plexus.
Question 3 of 5
The average daily amount of fluid that passes through the pylorus in a healthy adult is about:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C (6 liters) because the average daily amount of fluid that passes through the pylorus in a healthy adult is approximately 5-7 liters. This is based on the normal daily volume of gastric juice secretion and other fluids entering the duodenum. Choice A (2 liters) is too low and would not be sufficient for normal bodily functions. Choice B (9 liters) is too high and would lead to excessive fluid loss. Choice D (8 liters) is also too high and would not align with the typical physiological range. Therefore, C is the most accurate option based on the known physiology of the digestive system.
Question 4 of 5
An 8-month-old boy is reported by his mother to have had several episodes of 'colic' and she has noticed blood in his stools. Your examination is negative except for slight abdominal tenderness and moderate anemiWhich of the following is most likely?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Meckel's diverticulum. Meckel's diverticulum is a congenital outpouching of the small intestine that may contain gastric or pancreatic tissue, leading to ulceration and bleeding. In this case, the presence of blood in the stools along with abdominal tenderness and anemia is highly suggestive of Meckel's diverticulum. Pyloric stenosis typically presents with non-bloody projectile vomiting in a male infant. Intestinal atresia usually presents with bilious vomiting and abdominal distension in a newborn. Hirschsprung's disease presents with chronic constipation and failure to pass meconium shortly after birth. Therefore, based on the symptoms and age of the child, Meckel's diverticulum is the most likely diagnosis.
Question 5 of 5
Diffuse intramural spread with extensive fibroblastic thickening is a morphologic pattern most characteristically associated with carcinoma of the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: stomach. This morphologic pattern is most commonly seen in scirrhous (fibrous) type of gastric carcinoma. The diffuse intramural spread with extensive fibroblastic thickening is a characteristic feature of scirrhous gastric cancer. This pattern is not typically associated with carcinoma of the esophagus, small intestine, or appendix. The fibroblastic thickening in the stomach is due to desmoplastic reaction caused by the tumor cells, leading to the characteristic linitis plastica appearance on imaging.