ATI RN
Urinary System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of these is a vasoconstrictor?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Angiotensin II constricts vessels not nitric oxide, natriuretic, or bradykinin (dilators). This identifies vasoconstrictor, key for BP regulation, contrasting with dilators.
Question 2 of 5
Capillary loops located in the medulla are also known as _________.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vasa recta are medullary capillaries not urea collectors, trigone (bladder), or macula densa (DCT). This specifies countercurrent exchange, key for concentration, contrasting with other terms.
Question 3 of 5
Each kidney contains approximately ______ nephrons.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Kidneys have ~1 million nephrons not 10M, 100K, or 10K. This quantifies functional units, key for filtration capacity, contrasting with over/underestimates.
Question 4 of 5
The total number of orifices for outgoing and incoming of urine through the bladder is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bladder has 3 orifices: 2 ureters (in), 1 urethra (out) not 2, 4, or 5. This counts openings, vital for anatomy, contrasting with miscounts.
Question 5 of 5
Which cell in the collecting tubule functions in maintaining water and salt balance?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Principal cells in the collecting tubule regulate water and salt balance ADH increases water permeability (aquaporins), aldosterone boosts Na reabsorption (e.g., ENaC channels). Intercalated cells focus on acid-base H /HCO₃⻠secretion. Macula densa cells sense NaCl JGA, not balance. Mesangial cells support glomerulus structural. Principal cells' dual role distinguishes them, critical for osmolality and volume homeostasis, unlike pH, sensing, or support cells.