ATI RN
Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of these hormones is made by the posterior pituitary?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is stored and released by the posterior pituitary, synthesized in the hypothalamus, regulating water balance. FSH, LH, and ACTH (follicle-stimulating, luteinizing, adrenocorticotropic hormones) are anterior pituitary products, driving reproduction and adrenal function. Posterior pituitary doesn't synthesize ADH's hypothalamic origin and storage role distinguish it, key to neurohypophyseal function, unlike anterior glandular outputs.
Question 2 of 5
Which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hormone binding alters membrane permeability (e.g., ion channels), activates/inactivates enzymes (e.g., cAMP pathways), and stimulates mitosis (e.g., growth hormone) all typical. Cellular mutations, DNA damage events, aren't standard hormone effects. This absence distinguishes normal signaling, critical for physiological responses, contrasting with pathological changes.
Question 3 of 5
The alpha cells of the pancreas secrete which targets the
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alpha cells secrete glucagon, targeting the liver to raise blood glucose via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Melatonin is pineal, calcitonin thyroid-derived, and glucagon's kidney role is secondary. Liver targeting distinguishes glucagon's function, vital for glucose homeostasis, contrasting with sleep or calcium regulators.
Question 4 of 5
If you drank a liter of water very quickly, the result would be
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Drinking a liter of water dilutes blood, lowering osmolality; negative feedback reduces ADH to excrete water, increasing urine. Oxytocin isn't involved, and increased ADH would retain water. Decreased ADH distinguishes this response, critical for fluid regulation, contrasting with retention signals.
Question 5 of 5
The body of a squirrel has to prepare for either fighting or running away by using which of the following hormones?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adrenaline, from the adrenal medulla, primes the body for 'fight or flight' by boosting heart rate, glucose release, and muscle blood flow ideal for a squirrel's rapid response. Oestrogen (ovaries) and testosterone (testes) drive reproductive traits, thyroxine (thyroid) sets metabolism not acute stress. Adrenaline's rapid, systemic effects distinguish it, key to survival in danger, contrasting with long-term hormonal actions.