ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of these conditions could be a cause of metabolic acidosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis occurs when the body produces too much acid or fails to remove enough acid. Aspirin poisoning can lead to metabolic acidosis by increasing the production of lactic acid and impairing the kidney's ability to excrete acid. Severe vomiting and severe diarrhea can cause metabolic alkalosis due to loss of stomach acid or bicarbonate, respectively. Emphysema is associated with respiratory acidosis due to impaired gas exchange, not metabolic acidosis. Therefore, the correct answer is A (aspirin poisoning).
Question 2 of 5
When the body uses a substance to synthesize a more complex molecule, that process is irreversible and that substance cannot be restored to its original form.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: When the body synthesizes a more complex molecule, it often involves a series of chemical reactions that lead to the formation of the new molecule. Step 2: These reactions are typically energy-consuming and involve changes in molecular structures that cannot be easily reversed. Step 3: Once a substance is used in these irreversible reactions to form a more complex molecule, it cannot be restored to its original form. Step 4: Therefore, the statement that the process is irreversible and the original substance cannot be restored is true. Summary: Choice A is correct because the process of synthesizing a more complex molecule in the body involves irreversible reactions that permanently change the original substance. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the irreversible nature of this process.
Question 3 of 5
Extracellular fluid composes the majority of all the fluid in the body.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Extracellular fluid does not compose the majority of all the fluid in the body. Intracellular fluid actually makes up the majority of the body's fluid. This is because intracellular fluid is contained within the cells, while extracellular fluid is found outside the cells. Other choices (A, C, D) are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the composition of body fluids.
Question 4 of 5
Bioelectrical impedance is an appropriate method of determining body composition in patients with obesity or diabetes mellitus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Bioelectrical impedance is not considered accurate in patients with obesity or diabetes mellitus due to factors such as increased fluid retention and altered tissue characteristics affecting the results. Other choices (A, C, D) are incorrect as bioelectrical impedance is not suitable for body composition assessment in these populations.
Question 5 of 5
ECF volume is regulated to ensure adequate blood pressure, whereas ECF osmolarity is regulated to prevent cells from shrinking or swelling.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. ECF volume regulation is essential for maintaining blood pressure through mechanisms like the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. On the other hand, ECF osmolarity regulation is crucial to prevent cell shrinkage or swelling due to changes in solute concentrations. Therefore, it is accurate to say that ECF volume is regulated to ensure adequate blood pressure, and ECF osmolarity is regulated to prevent cells from shrinking or swelling. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the relationship between ECF volume, osmolarity regulation, and their respective purposes in the body.