Which of these actions is the primary nursing intervention designed to limit transmission of a client's Salmonella infection?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because washing hands thoroughly before and after client contact is the primary nursing intervention to limit transmission of a client's Salmonella infection. Handwashing is crucial in removing and preventing the spread of pathogens. Choice B is incorrect because gloves alone do not replace proper hand hygiene. Choice C is not the primary intervention and does not address overall hand hygiene. Choice D is also incorrect as wearing gloves during linen disposal does not address the root of transmission, which is hand contamination. In summary, handwashing is the most effective and fundamental measure in preventing the transmission of infections like Salmonella.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nonmaleficence. The nurse's refusal to disclose the surgeon's medical diagnosis upholds the ethical principle of nonmaleficence, which is to do no harm. By maintaining the surgeon's confidentiality, the nurse is protecting the surgeon from potential harm or breach of privacy. This action demonstrates respect for the surgeon's autonomy and promotes trust in the nurse-patient relationship. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect: A: Utility - Utility refers to maximizing benefits for the greatest number of people. In this scenario, the nurse's action does not relate to maximizing benefits. B: Paternalism - Paternalism involves making decisions for someone else's well-being without their consent. The nurse's action is not an example of paternalism as the surgeon's privacy is being respected. C: Justice - Justice involves fairness and equal treatment. The nurse's response does not directly relate to the ethical principle of justice in this context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Deductive reasoning is applied in quantitative research as it involves drawing conclusions based on general principles or theories applied to specific instances. In quantitative research, hypotheses are tested using deductive reasoning to determine relationships between variables. Qualitative research (Choice A) relies on inductive reasoning to generate theories from specific observations. Action research (Choice C) focuses on improving practices within a specific context and does not necessarily involve deductive reasoning. Applied research (Choice D) aims to solve practical problems but may use a combination of deductive and inductive reasoning depending on the research design.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Categorical variables represent distinct categories or groups without any inherent order or numerical value. Gender fits this definition as it categorizes individuals into distinct groups (male, female). In contrast, age, income, and height are numerical variables that can be ordered or measured quantitatively, making them examples of quantitative variables rather than categorical variables.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nonmaleficence. The nurse is demonstrating nonmaleficence by protecting the surgeon's privacy and confidentiality, which is an important ethical principle in healthcare. By not disclosing the surgeon's medical diagnosis without consent, the nurse is preventing harm and upholding the surgeon's right to privacy. A: Utility - This principle focuses on maximizing benefits for the greater good, which is not relevant in this scenario. B: Paternalism - This principle involves making decisions in the best interest of the patient without their input, which is not applicable here as the nurse is respecting the surgeon's autonomy. C: Justice - This principle pertains to fairness and equal treatment, but it is not directly related to the nurse's decision to maintain confidentiality in this situation.