Which of the patient health behaviors in the first trimester would the nurse identify as a risk factor in pregnancy?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because relaxing in a hot tub for 30 minutes a day, several days a week can increase the body temperature, which is harmful during the first trimester and can lead to birth defects. Choice A is not a risk factor as it promotes a healthy sexual relationship. Choice B is beneficial as moderate exercise is recommended during pregnancy. Choice C is not necessarily a risk factor unless it involves exposure to harmful substances or excessive stress.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (2 weeks) because for a healthy primigravida at 28 weeks gestation, it is recommended to schedule prenatal visits every 2 weeks during the third trimester. This frequency allows for closer monitoring of both the mother and the baby's well-being as they near the delivery date. Option A (1 week) is too frequent and unnecessary for a healthy pregnancy at this stage. Option C (3 weeks) and Option D (4 weeks) are too far apart and may not provide adequate monitoring and support during the critical final weeks of pregnancy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Dick-Read method. This method emphasizes relaxation and controlled breathing to reduce fear and pain during childbirth. Slow abdominal breathing in early labor helps maintain calmness, while rapid chest breathing in advanced labor assists in coping with intense contractions. The Dick-Read method's focus on the mind-body connection and natural childbirth aligns with preventing the fear-tension-pain cycle. Summary: A: Bradley method emphasizes partner-coached childbirth. B: Lamaze method focuses on breathing techniques and relaxation. C: Leboyer method emphasizes gentle birthing practices. These choices do not specifically address the fear-tension-pain cycle with the same breathing techniques as the Dick-Read method.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a birth plan allows parents to actively participate in planning their birth experience by outlining their preferences and wishes. It helps them communicate their desires to healthcare providers and ensures their preferences are considered during labor and delivery. Choice A is incorrect as avoiding an episiotomy is a specific medical procedure, not the primary purpose of a birth plan. Choice B is incorrect as determining the outcome of birth is not within the control of parents. Choice C is incorrect as assuming complete control of the situation may not be realistic or safe during childbirth.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sacral pressure. This technique involves applying pressure to the sacrum to alleviate back pain associated with an occiput posterior position. The pressure helps relieve tension and discomfort in the lower back, providing effective pain relief for the pregnant woman. A: Neuromuscular disassociation is not specific to addressing the pain associated with the occiput posterior position in pregnancy. B: Effleurage is a gentle massage technique that may provide some relaxation but may not be as effective as sacral pressure for pain relief in this specific scenario. C: Psychoprophylaxis is a method of preparing for childbirth through education and relaxation techniques, but it may not directly target the pain caused by the occiput posterior position. In summary, sacral pressure is the most appropriate technique as it directly addresses the specific pain associated with the occiput posterior position in pregnancy, unlike the other choices.