Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Middle ear. This is because the middle ear is the most common site for ear infections due to its anatomy, including the Eustachian tube that can easily become blocked, leading to fluid buildup and infection. The outer ear (A) is less susceptible to infections, while the inner ear (C) and semicircular canal (D) are not typically involved in ear infections, as they are more related to balance and hearing functions rather than infection susceptibility.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Maintains skin integrity. During inguinal hernia repair surgery, maintaining skin integrity is crucial to prevent infection and ensure proper wound healing. This outcome focuses on the physical aspect of the surgery and reflects the patient's skin condition postoperatively. Verbalizing fears (A) addresses emotional concerns, demonstrating leg exercises (B) is related to postoperative rehabilitation, and explaining deep breathing exercises (D) targets respiratory function, none of which directly assess the intraoperative outcome of skin integrity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Avoid alcohol and caffeine. Alcohol and caffeine are diuretics that can increase urine output, leading to fluid loss and potential hypovolemia. This step is crucial in preventing further dehydration. Summary of incorrect choices: B: Increasing milk and dairy products can contribute to fluid intake but does not address the prevention of hypovolemia. C: While dried peas and beans can provide nutrients, they do not specifically address fluid intake or prevention of hypovolemia. D: Avoiding table salt or sodium-containing foods may help in reducing fluid retention but does not directly address fluid intake to prevent hypovolemia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Positive family history. Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks its own intrinsic factor, leading to vitamin B12 deficiency. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in the development of pernicious anemia. Family history is a key risk factor as individuals with a family history of pernicious anemia are more likely to develop the condition. Summary of why the other choices are incorrect: B: Infectious agents or toxins do not directly cause pernicious anemia, although they can lead to other types of anemia. C: Acute or chronic blood loss can result in iron-deficiency anemia, not pernicious anemia. D: Inadequate dietary intake of vitamin B12 can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, but pernicious anemia specifically involves the body's inability to absorb B12 due to intrinsic factor deficiency, not dietary intake alone.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The waiting area with the television turned off. This setting provides a quiet environment, minimizing distractions for the patient with a hearing deficit. It allows the nurse to communicate effectively by speaking clearly and facing the patient directly. Option A is incorrect because a closed door may not be enough to reduce background noise. Option C is incorrect as pain medication may affect the patient's ability to concentrate. Option D is incorrect because the occupational therapist working on leg exercises may create additional noise and distractions.